वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-22, verse-18

अथाध्वनि परिश्रान्तमर्धरात्रे स्थितं बलम् ।
सुखसुप्तं समासाद्य चारितं प्रथमं चरैः ॥१८॥

18. athādhvani pariśrāntamardharātre sthitaṃ balam ,
sukhasuptaṃ samāsādya cāritaṃ prathamaṃ caraiḥ.

18. atha adhvanī pariśrāntam ardharātre sthitam balam
sukhasuptam samāsādya cāritam prathamam caraiḥ

18. atha caraiḥ adhvanī pariśrāntam ardharātre sthitam
sukhasuptam balam samāsādya prathamam cāritam

18. Then, having approached the army, which was exhausted on the march, halted at midnight, and deeply asleep, it was first stirred up by the spies.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover, and)

• अध्वनी (adhvanī) - on the march/journey (on the road, on the path, in the journey)

• परिश्रान्तम् (pariśrāntam) - exhausted (exhausted, weary, fatigued)

• अर्धरात्रे (ardharātre) - at midnight (at midnight, in the middle of the night)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - halted (standing, situated, existing, halted)

• बलम् (balam) - army (army, force, strength)

• सुखसुप्तम् (sukhasuptam) - deeply asleep (comfortably asleep, soundly sleeping)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached (having approached, having reached, having obtained)

• चारितम् (cāritam) - was stirred up (caused to move, set in motion, stirred)

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first (first, at first, foremost)

• चरैः (caraiḥ) - by the spies (by spies, by wanderers, by observers)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover, and)

(indeclinable)

अध्वनी (adhvanī) - on the march/journey (on the road, on the path, in the journey)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of adhvan

adhvan - road, path, journey, course

परिश्रान्तम् (pariśrāntam) - exhausted (exhausted, weary, fatigued)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pariśrānta

pariśrānta - exhausted, wearied, fatigued

Past Passive Participle

From √śram (to be weary) with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: śram (class 4)

अर्धरात्रे (ardharātre) - at midnight (at midnight, in the middle of the night)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ardharātra

ardharātra - midnight, middle of the night

Compound of ardha (half) and rātra (night).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ardha+rātra)

• ardha – half, part
  adjective (masculine)
• rātra – night
  noun (neuter)

स्थितम् (sthitam) - halted (standing, situated, existing, halted)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, fixed, remaining, halted

Past Passive Participle

From √sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

बलम् (balam) - army (army, force, strength)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, force, power, army, troop

सुखसुप्तम् (sukhasuptam) - deeply asleep (comfortably asleep, soundly sleeping)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukhasupta

sukhasupta - sleeping soundly, comfortably asleep

Compound of sukha (comfort) and supta (slept).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sukha+supta)

• sukha – comfort, happiness, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)
• supta – slept, asleep
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √svap (to sleep).
  Root: svap (class 2)

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached (having approached, having reached, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from √sad (to sit, approach) with prefixes sam- and ā-.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Refers to the spies (caraiḥ).

चारितम् (cāritam) - was stirred up (caused to move, set in motion, stirred)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cārita

cārita - caused to move, set in motion, performed, managed

Past Passive Participle (causative)

From causative of √car (to move).

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Predicative of balam.

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first (first, at first, foremost)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying cāritam.

चरैः (caraiḥ) - by the spies (by spies, by wanderers, by observers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of cara

cara - spy, messenger, wanderer, follower

agent noun

From √car (to move, go).

Root: car (class 1)