वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-22, verse-10

अशोकवनिकायां तु प्रविवेश महाबलः ।
ततो दीनामदैन्यार्हां ददर्श धनदानुजः ।
अधोमुखीं शोकपरामुपविष्टां महीतले ॥१०॥

10. aśokavanikāyāṃ tu praviveśa mahābalaḥ ,
tato dīnāmadainyārhāṃ dadarśa dhanadānujaḥ ,
adhomukhīṃ śokaparāmupaviṣṭāṃ mahītale.

10. aśokavanikāyām tu praviveśa
mahābalaḥ tataḥ dīnām adainyārhām
dadarśa dhanadānujaḥ adhomukhīm
śokaparām upaviṣṭām mahītale

10. mahābalaḥ aśokavanikāyām tu
praviveśa tataḥ dhanadānujaḥ dīnām
adainyārhām adhomukhīm
śokaparām mahītale upaviṣṭām dadarśa

10. The mighty Hanumān then entered the Aśoka grove. There, Rāvaṇa, the younger brother of Kubera, saw her—miserable, though undeserving of such misery—with her face downcast, overwhelmed by sorrow, and seated on the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• अशोकवनिकायाम् (aśokavanikāyām) - in the Aśoka grove (in the Aśoka grove/garden)

• तु (tu) - indeed, then (for emphasis or transition) (but, indeed, moreover)

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - (Hanumān) entered (he entered)

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - the mighty Hanumān (mighty, powerful one)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• दीनाम् (dīnām) - miserable (Sītā) (miserable, wretched, distressed)

• अदैन्यार्हाम् (adainyārhām) - undeserving of such misery (undeserving of misery/wretchedness)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - (Rāvaṇa) saw (he saw, he beheld)

• धनदानुजः (dhanadānujaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the younger brother of Kubera (younger brother of Kubera (the god of wealth))

• अधोमुखीम् (adhomukhīm) - with her face downcast (downcast face, facing downwards)

• शोकपराम् (śokaparām) - overwhelmed by sorrow (immersed in sorrow, overwhelmed by grief)

• उपविष्टाम् (upaviṣṭām) - seated (seated, sitting)

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth's surface)

Words meanings and morphology

अशोकवनिकायाम् (aśokavanikāyām) - in the Aśoka grove (in the Aśoka grove/garden)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of aśokavanikā

aśokavanikā - Aśoka grove, a garden with Aśoka trees

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśoka+vanikā)

• aśoka – Aśoka tree (Saraca asoca); literally, without sorrow
  noun (masculine)
• vanikā – small forest, grove, garden
  noun (feminine)

तु (tu) - indeed, then (for emphasis or transition) (but, indeed, moreover)

(indeclinable)

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - (Hanumān) entered (he entered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of viś

Perfect Tense

Root viś- (to enter) with prefix pra-; 3rd person singular perfect active.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - the mighty Hanumān (mighty, powerful one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, very mighty

Compound of mahā (great) + bala (strength)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'praviveśa'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

दीनाम् (dīnām) - miserable (Sītā) (miserable, wretched, distressed)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, wretched, distressed, poor

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Describes Sītā (implied object of 'dadarśa').

अदैन्यार्हाम् (adainyārhām) - undeserving of such misery (undeserving of misery/wretchedness)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of adainyārha

adainyārha - not deserving of wretchedness, worthy of respect

Compound of a (not) + dainya (wretchedness) + arha (deserving)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi / tatpuruṣa (a+dainya+arha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dainya – wretchedness, misery, helplessness
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from dīna (wretched)
• arha – deserving, worthy, fit
  adjective (masculine)
  From root arh- (to deserve)
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Describes Sītā.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - (Rāvaṇa) saw (he saw, he beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect Tense

Root dṛś- (to see), 3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'dhanadānujaḥ'.

धनदानुजः (dhanadānujaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the younger brother of Kubera (younger brother of Kubera (the god of wealth))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanadānuja

dhanadānuja - younger brother of the giver of wealth (Kubera)

Compound of dhanada (giver of wealth, epithet for Kubera) + anuja (younger brother)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanada+anuja)

• dhanada – giver of wealth, epithet of Kubera
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of dhana (wealth) + da (giver)
• anuja – younger brother
  noun (masculine)
  From anu- (after) + jan- (to be born)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'dadarśa'.

अधोमुखीम् (adhomukhīm) - with her face downcast (downcast face, facing downwards)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of adhomukhī

adhomukhī - facing downwards, having a downcast face

Compound of adhas (down) + mukha (face). Feminine form.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (adhas+mukha)

• adhas – down, below
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes Sītā.

शोकपराम् (śokaparām) - overwhelmed by sorrow (immersed in sorrow, overwhelmed by grief)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śokaparā

śokaparā - immersed in sorrow, full of grief

Compound of śoka (sorrow) + parā (intent on, devoted to, extreme)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+parā)

• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• parā – chief, highest, extreme, devoted to
  adjective (feminine)

Note: Describes Sītā.

उपविष्टाम् (upaviṣṭām) - seated (seated, sitting)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sitting

Past Passive Participle

From root viś- (to enter, sit) with prefix upa-; irregular past passive participle.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Describes Sītā.

महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth's surface)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - earth's surface, ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, bottom
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location where Sītā is seated.