वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-12, verse-7

वृतां नानाविधैर्वृक्षैः पुष्पोपगफलोपगैः ।
कोकिलैर्भृङ्गराजैश्च मत्तैर्नित्यनिषेविताम् ॥७॥

7. vṛtāṃ nānāvidhairvṛkṣaiḥ puṣpopagaphalopagaiḥ ,
kokilairbhṛṅgarājaiśca mattairnityaniṣevitām.

7. vṛtām nānāvidhaiḥ vṛkṣaiḥ puṣpopagaphalopagaiḥ
kokilaiḥ bhṛṅgarājaiḥ ca mattaiḥ nityaniṣevitām

7. nānāvidhaiḥ puṣpopagaphalopagaiḥ vṛkṣaiḥ vṛtām
mattaiḥ kokilaiḥ bhṛṅgarājaiḥ ca nityaniṣevitām

7. (He saw it) surrounded by various kinds of trees bearing both flowers and fruits, and constantly frequented by joyful cuckoos and buzzing king-bees.

Words meanings summery:

• वृताम् (vṛtām) - surrounded, covered

• नानाविधैः (nānāvidhaiḥ) - of various kinds, manifold

• वृक्षैः (vṛkṣaiḥ) - by trees

• पुष्पोपगफलोपगैः (puṣpopagaphalopagaiḥ) - adorned with flowers and fruits, yielding flowers and fruits

• कोकिलैः (kokilaiḥ) - by cuckoos

• भृङ्गराजैः (bhṛṅgarājaiḥ) - by king-bees, large bees

• च (ca) - and

• मत्तैः (mattaiḥ) - joyful, buzzing with activity (intoxicated, excited, joyful)

• नित्यनिषेविताम् (nityaniṣevitām) - constantly resorted to, perpetually frequented

Words meanings and morphology

वृताम् (vṛtām) - surrounded, covered

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, chosen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root vṛ (to cover, enclose) + -ta suffix.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies the implicit 'place' or garden.

नानाविधैः (nānāvidhaiḥ) - of various kinds, manifold

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nānāvidha

nānāvidha - of various kinds, manifold

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nānā+vidha)

• nānā – various, diverse
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies vṛkṣaiḥ.

वृक्षैः (vṛkṣaiḥ) - by trees

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Note: Agent for vṛtām.

पुष्पोपगफलोपगैः (puṣpopagaphalopagaiḥ) - adorned with flowers and fruits, yielding flowers and fruits

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of puṣpopagaphalopaga

puṣpopagaphalopaga - bearing flowers and fruits

Compound type : dvandva/tatpurusha (puṣpopaga+phalopaga)

• puṣpa – flower
  noun (neuter)
• upaga – going to, approaching, possessing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root gam (to go) with prefix upa, + a suffix.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: gam (class 1)
• phala – fruit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies vṛkṣaiḥ.

कोकिलैः (kokilaiḥ) - by cuckoos

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kokila

kokila - cuckoo

Note: Agent for niṣevitām.

भृङ्गराजैः (bhṛṅgarājaiḥ) - by king-bees, large bees

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhṛṅgarāja

bhṛṅgarāja - king-bee, large bee

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhṛṅga+rāja)

• bhṛṅga – bee
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, chief (here intensifying 'bee')
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent for niṣevitām.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects kokilaiḥ and bhṛṅgarājaiḥ.

मत्तैः (mattaiḥ) - joyful, buzzing with activity (intoxicated, excited, joyful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of matta

matta - intoxicated, joyful, excited, maddened

Past Passive Participle (secondary meaning)

Derived from verb root mad (to be glad, intoxicated) + -ta suffix.

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies kokilaiḥ and bhṛṅgarājaiḥ.

नित्यनिषेविताम् (nityaniṣevitām) - constantly resorted to, perpetually frequented

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nityaniṣevita

nityaniṣevita - constantly frequented/resorted to

Compound type : tatpurusha (nitya+niṣevita)

• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual
  adjective (masculine)
• niṣevita – frequented, served, inhabited
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root sev (to serve, frequent) with prefix ni, + ta suffix.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implicit 'place' or garden.

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