वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-12, verse-15

निर्धूतपत्रशिखराः शीर्णपुष्पफलद्रुमाः ।
निक्षिप्तवस्त्राभरणा धूर्ता इव पराजिताः ॥१५॥

15. nirdhūtapatraśikharāḥ śīrṇapuṣpaphaladrumāḥ ,
nikṣiptavastrābharaṇā dhūrtā iva parājitāḥ.

15. nirdhūtapattraśikharāḥ śīrṇapuṣpaphaladrumāḥ
nikṣiptavastrābharaṇāḥ dhūrtāḥ iva parājitāḥ

15. nirdhūtapattraśikharāḥ śīrṇapuṣpaphaladrumāḥ
nikṣiptavastrābharaṇāḥ parājitāḥ dhūrtāḥ iva

15. The trees, their leaf-covered tops stripped bare and their flowers and fruits fallen, appeared like defeated gamblers who have cast aside their clothes and ornaments.

Words meanings summery:

• निर्धूतपत्त्रशिखराः (nirdhūtapattraśikharāḥ) - their leaf-covered tops stripped bare (having their leaf-crests shaken off, whose tops are stripped of leaves)

• शीर्णपुष्पफलद्रुमाः (śīrṇapuṣpaphaladrumāḥ) - trees with their flowers and fruits fallen (trees with fallen flowers and fruits)

• निक्षिप्तवस्त्राभरणाः (nikṣiptavastrābharaṇāḥ) - who have cast aside their clothes and ornaments (having thrown off clothes and ornaments)

• धूर्ताः (dhūrtāḥ) - gamblers (gamblers, rogues, tricksters)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if, similar to)

• पराजिताः (parājitāḥ) - defeated (defeated, conquered, vanquished)

Words meanings and morphology

निर्धूतपत्त्रशिखराः (nirdhūtapattraśikharāḥ) - their leaf-covered tops stripped bare (having their leaf-crests shaken off, whose tops are stripped of leaves)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirdhūtapattraśikhara

nirdhūtapattraśikhara - whose leaf-crests are shaken off, stripped of leaves

Bahuvrihi compound: 'whose leaf-crests (pattraśikhara) are shaken off (nirdhūta)'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nirdhūta+pattra+śikhara)

• nirdhūta – shaken off, swept away, scattered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhū (to shake) with prefix nir-.
  Prefix: nir
  Root: dhū (class 5)
• pattra – leaf, foliage
  noun (neuter)
• śikhara – crest, peak, top
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (trees), which is explicit in 'śīrṇapuṣpaphaladrumāḥ'.

शीर्णपुष्पफलद्रुमाः (śīrṇapuṣpaphaladrumāḥ) - trees with their flowers and fruits fallen (trees with fallen flowers and fruits)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śīrṇapuṣpaphaladruma

śīrṇapuṣpaphaladruma - trees whose flowers and fruits have fallen

Bahuvrihi compound: 'whose flowers (puṣpa) and fruits (phala) have fallen (śīrṇa) (referring to) trees (druma)'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śīrṇa+puṣpa+phala+druma)

• śīrṇa – fallen, withered, broken
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śṝ (to break, to fall).
  Root: śṝ (class 9)
• puṣpa – flower, blossom
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result
  noun (neuter)
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Acts as the subject, describing the trees.

निक्षिप्तवस्त्राभरणाः (nikṣiptavastrābharaṇāḥ) - who have cast aside their clothes and ornaments (having thrown off clothes and ornaments)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nikṣiptavastrābharaṇa

nikṣiptavastrābharaṇa - having cast off clothes and ornaments

Bahuvrihi compound: 'whose clothes (vastra) and ornaments (ābharaṇa) are thrown off (nikṣipta)'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nikṣipta+vastra+ābharaṇa)

• nikṣipta – thrown off, cast away, abandoned
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṣip (to throw) with prefix ni-.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: kṣip (class 6)
• vastra – garment, cloth
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vas (class 2)
• ābharaṇa – ornament, decoration
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhṛ (to bear) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'dhūrtāḥ' and 'parājitāḥ'.

धूर्ताः (dhūrtāḥ) - gamblers (gamblers, rogues, tricksters)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhūrta

dhūrta - gambler, rogue, trickster, cunning

Derived from root dhūrv (to injure, defraud).

Root: dhūrv (class 1)

Note: Subject of the simile, compared to the trees.

इव (iva) - like (like, as if, similar to)

(indeclinable)

पराजिताः (parājitāḥ) - defeated (defeated, conquered, vanquished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parājita

parājita - defeated, conquered, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ji (to conquer) with prefix parā- and suffix -ita.

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dhūrtāḥ'.

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