वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-12, verse-30

जले निपतिताग्रैश्च पादपैरुपशोभिताम् ।
वार्यमाणामिव क्रुद्धां प्रमदां प्रियबन्धुभिः ॥३०॥

30. jale nipatitāgraiśca pādapairupaśobhitām ,
vāryamāṇāmiva kruddhāṃ pramadāṃ priyabandhubhiḥ.

30. jale nipatitāgraiḥ ca pādapaiḥ upaśobhitām |
vāryamāṇām iva kruddhām pramadām priyabandhubhiḥ

30. jale nipatitāgraiḥ pādapaiḥ ca upaśobhitām
priyabandhubhiḥ vāryamāṇām kruddhām pramadām iva

30. It (the river) was adorned by trees whose tops had fallen into the water, appearing like an angry young woman being restrained by her dear relatives.

Words meanings summery:

• जले (jale) - in the water

• निपतिताग्रैः (nipatitāgraiḥ) - (by trees) whose tops had fallen (into the water) (with fallen tops/crests)

• च (ca) - and, also

• पादपैः (pādapaiḥ) - by trees

• उपशोभिताम् (upaśobhitām) - (the river) was adorned (adorned, beautified)

• वार्यमाणाम् (vāryamāṇām) - (the woman) being restrained (being restrained, being held back)

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• क्रुद्धाम् (kruddhām) - an angry (woman) (angry)

• प्रमदाम् (pramadām) - a beautiful woman, a passionate woman, a young woman

• प्रियबन्धुभिः (priyabandhubhiḥ) - by dear relatives, by dear friends

Words meanings and morphology

जले (jale) - in the water

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water, fluid

निपतिताग्रैः (nipatitāgraiḥ) - (by trees) whose tops had fallen (into the water) (with fallen tops/crests)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nipatitāgra

nipatitāgra - having fallen tops/crests

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (nipatita+agra)

• nipatita – fallen down, descended
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from √pat (to fall) with upasarga ni-
  Prefix: ni
  Root: pat (class 1)
• agra – top, summit, front, point
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पादपैः (pādapaiḥ) - by trees

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pādapa

pādapa - tree (literally 'foot-drinker')

उपशोभिताम् (upaśobhitām) - (the river) was adorned (adorned, beautified)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upaśobhita

upaśobhita - adorned, beautified, decorated

Past Passive Participle

Formed from √śubh (to shine, to be beautiful) with upasarga upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: śubh (class 1)

वार्यमाणाम् (vāryamāṇām) - (the woman) being restrained (being restrained, being held back)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāryamāṇa

vāryamāṇa - being restrained, being checked, being hindered

Present Passive Participle

Formed from √vṛ (to restrain, to cover)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धाम् (kruddhām) - an angry (woman) (angry)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kruddhā

kruddhā - angry, enraged

Past Passive Participle

Formed from √krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

प्रमदाम् (pramadām) - a beautiful woman, a passionate woman, a young woman

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pramadā

pramadā - a beautiful or passionate woman, a young woman

प्रियबन्धुभिः (priyabandhubhiḥ) - by dear relatives, by dear friends

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of priyabandhu

priyabandhu - dear relative, dear friend

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (priya+bandhu)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective
• bandhu – relative, kinsman, friend
  noun (masculine)