वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-12, verse-3

सालानशोकान्भव्यांश्च चम्पकांश्च सुपुष्पितान् ।
उद्दालकान्नागवृक्षांश्चूतान् कपिमुखानपि ॥३॥

3. sālānaśokānbhavyāṃśca campakāṃśca supuṣpitān ,
uddālakānnāgavṛkṣāṃścūtān kapimukhānapi.

3. sālān aśokān bhavyān ca campakān ca supuṣpitān
uddālakān nāgavṛkṣān ca cūtān kapimukhān api

3. sālān aśokān bhavyān ca supuṣpitān campakān ca
uddālakān nāgavṛkṣān ca cūtān api kapimukhān

3. (He saw) Sal trees, Ashoka trees, and beautiful, well-blossomed Champaka trees, Uddalaka trees, Naga trees, mango trees, and even monkey-faced trees.

Words meanings summery:

• सालान् (sālān) - Sal trees

• अशोकान् (aśokān) - Ashoka trees

• भव्यान् (bhavyān) - beautiful (trees) (beautiful, splendid, auspicious, excellent)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• चम्पकान् (campakān) - Champaka trees

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सुपुष्पितान् (supuṣpitān) - beautifully blossomed (well-flowered, beautifully blossomed)

• उद्दालकान् (uddālakān) - Uddalaka trees (Uddalaka trees (Cassia fistula or Erythrina indica))

• नागवृक्षान् (nāgavṛkṣān) - Naga trees (Naga trees (Mesua ferrea or Calophyllum inophyllum))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• चूतान् (cūtān) - mango trees

• कपिमुखान् (kapimukhān) - monkey-faced trees (monkey-faced, having faces like monkeys (referring to trees with fruits resembling monkeys or a specific tree type))

• अपि (api) - and even (also, even, too)

Words meanings and morphology

सालान् (sālān) - Sal trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sāla

sāla - Sal tree (Shorea robusta)

Note: Object of the implied verb "saw".

अशोकान् (aśokān) - Ashoka trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśoka

aśoka - Ashoka tree (Saraca asoca), lit. 'grief-less'

Note: Object of the implied verb "saw".

भव्यान् (bhavyān) - beautiful (trees) (beautiful, splendid, auspicious, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhavya

bhavya - beautiful, splendid, excellent, auspicious

Gerundive

Derived from root bhū (to be, exist).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Describes the trees.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects list items.

चम्पकान् (campakān) - Champaka trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of campaka

campaka - Champaka tree (Magnolia champaca)

Note: Object of the implied verb "saw".

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects list items.

सुपुष्पितान् (supuṣpitān) - beautifully blossomed (well-flowered, beautifully blossomed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of supuṣpita

supuṣpita - well-flowered, beautifully blossomed

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+puṣpita)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• puṣpita – flowered, blossomed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root puṣp (to flower).
  Root: puṣp (class 10)

Note: Describes the trees.

उद्दालकान् (uddālakān) - Uddalaka trees (Uddalaka trees (Cassia fistula or Erythrina indica))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of uddālaka

uddālaka - Uddalaka tree (Cassia fistula or Erythrina indica)

Note: Object of the implied verb "saw".

नागवृक्षान् (nāgavṛkṣān) - Naga trees (Naga trees (Mesua ferrea or Calophyllum inophyllum))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nāgavṛkṣa

nāgavṛkṣa - Naga tree (Mesua ferrea or Calophyllum inophyllum)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nāga+vṛkṣa)

• nāga – serpent, cobra; elephant; a specific tree (Mesua ferrea)
  noun (masculine)
• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the implied verb "saw".

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects list items.

चूतान् (cūtān) - mango trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of cūta

cūta - mango tree (Mangifera indica)

Note: Object of the implied verb "saw".

कपिमुखान् (kapimukhān) - monkey-faced trees (monkey-faced, having faces like monkeys (referring to trees with fruits resembling monkeys or a specific tree type))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kapimukha

kapimukha - monkey-faced, having a face like a monkey

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kapi+mukha)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes a type of tree, or the appearance of their fruits.

अपि (api) - and even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word or extends the list.

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