वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-27, verse-31

नीलेषु नीला नववारिपूर्णा मेघेषु मेघाः प्रविभान्ति सक्ताः ।
दवाग्निदग्धेषु दवाग्निदग्धाः शैलेषु शैला इव बद्धमूलाः ॥३१॥

31. nīleṣu nīlā navavāripūrṇā megheṣu meghāḥ pravibhānti saktāḥ ,
davāgnidagdheṣu davāgnidagdhāḥ śaileṣu śailā iva baddhamūlāḥ.

31. nīleṣu nīlāḥ navavāripūrṇāḥ
megheṣu meghāḥ pravibhānti saktāḥ
davāgnidagdheṣu davāgnidagdhāḥ
śaileṣu śailāḥ iva baddhamūlāḥ

31. navavāripūrṇāḥ saktāḥ nīlāḥ meghāḥ
nīleṣu megheṣu pravibhānti;
davāgnidagdheṣu śaileṣu baddhamūlāḥ
davāgnidagdhāḥ śailāḥ iva (pravibhānti)

31. Blue clouds, full of fresh water, appear prominent and attached amidst other blue clouds. Similarly, deeply rooted mountains, scarred by forest fires, appear as if burned by forest fires among other mountains (also affected by forest fires).

Words meanings summery:

• नीलेषु (nīleṣu) - among the blue clouds or in the blue sky (among the blue ones, in blue things/places)

• नीलाः (nīlāḥ) - blue clouds (blue ones)

• नववारिपूर्णाः (navavāripūrṇāḥ) - clouds filled with fresh water (filled with fresh water)

• मेघेषु (megheṣu) - among the masses of clouds (among clouds, in clouds)

• मेघाः (meghāḥ) - clouds

• प्रविभान्ति (pravibhānti) - appear prominently (shine forth, appear prominently)

• सक्ताः (saktāḥ) - clinging to other clouds (attached, clinging)

• दवाग्निदग्धेषु (davāgnidagdheṣu) - among mountains burnt by forest fires (among those burnt by forest fires, in regions burnt by forest fires)

• दवाग्निदग्धाः (davāgnidagdhāḥ) - mountains burnt by forest fires (burnt by forest fires)

• शैलेषु (śaileṣu) - among mountainous regions (among mountains, in mountains)

• शैलाः (śailāḥ) - mountains

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• बद्धमूलाः (baddhamūlāḥ) - firmly rooted (deeply rooted, with roots bound)

Words meanings and morphology

नीलेषु (nīleṣu) - among the blue clouds or in the blue sky (among the blue ones, in blue things/places)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of nīla

nīla - blue, dark blue, dark

Note: Refers to the blue sky or the mass of blue clouds.

नीलाः (nīlāḥ) - blue clouds (blue ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nīla

nīla - blue, dark blue, dark

Note: Refers to the blue clouds.

नववारिपूर्णाः (navavāripūrṇāḥ) - clouds filled with fresh water (filled with fresh water)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of navavāripūrṇa

navavāripūrṇa - filled with fresh water

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nava+vāri+pūrṇa)

• nava – new, fresh
  adjective (masculine)
• vāri – water
  noun (neuter)
• pūrṇa – full, complete
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √pṛ (to fill)
  Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'meghāḥ'.

मेघेषु (megheṣu) - among the masses of clouds (among clouds, in clouds)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of megha

megha - cloud

Note: Refers to the mass of clouds.

मेघाः (meghāḥ) - clouds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of megha

megha - cloud

Note: Subject of 'pravibhānti'.

प्रविभान्ति (pravibhānti) - appear prominently (shine forth, appear prominently)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of √bhā

Present Active Indicative

3rd person, plural

Prefixes: pra+vi

Root: bhā (class 2)

सक्ताः (saktāḥ) - clinging to other clouds (attached, clinging)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sakta

sakta - attached, clung to, intent on

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sañj (to cling, attach)

Root: sañj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'meghāḥ'.

दवाग्निदग्धेषु (davāgnidagdheṣu) - among mountains burnt by forest fires (among those burnt by forest fires, in regions burnt by forest fires)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of davāgnidagdha

davāgnidagdha - burnt by forest fire

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (davāgni+dagdha)

• davāgni – forest fire, conflagration
  noun (masculine)
• dagdha – burnt, consumed by fire
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √dah (to burn)
  Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Used as a substantive, referring to places or mountains burnt by forest fires.

दवाग्निदग्धाः (davāgnidagdhāḥ) - mountains burnt by forest fires (burnt by forest fires)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of davāgnidagdha

davāgnidagdha - burnt by forest fire

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (davāgni+dagdha)

• davāgni – forest fire, conflagration
  noun (masculine)
• dagdha – burnt, consumed by fire
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √dah (to burn)
  Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Refers to the mountains (śailāḥ) that are burnt by forest fires.

शैलेषु (śaileṣu) - among mountainous regions (among mountains, in mountains)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of śaila

śaila - mountain, rock

Root: śilā (rock)

Note: Refers to the mountainous regions.

शैलाः (śailāḥ) - mountains

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śaila

śaila - mountain, rock

Root: śilā

Note: Subject in the second part of the verse.

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

बद्धमूलाः (baddhamūlāḥ) - firmly rooted (deeply rooted, with roots bound)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of baddhamūla

baddhamūla - firmly rooted, deep-rooted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (baddha+mūla)

• baddha – bound, tied, firm
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √bandh (to bind)
  Root: bandh (class 9)
• mūla – root, base, foundation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'śailāḥ'.