वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-27, verse-29

मार्गानुगः शैलवनानुसारी संप्रस्थितो मेघरवं निशम्य ।
युद्धाभिकामः प्रतिनागशङ्की मत्तो गजेन्द्रः प्रतिसंनिवृत्तः ॥२९॥

29. mārgānugaḥ śailavanānusārī saṃprasthito megharavaṃ niśamya ,
yuddhābhikāmaḥ pratināgaśaṅkī matto gajendraḥ pratisaṃnivṛttaḥ.

29. mārgānugaḥ śailavanānusārī
saṃprasthitaḥ megharavam niśamya
yuddhābhikāmaḥ pratināgaśaṅkī
mattaḥ gajendraḥ pratisaṃnivṛttaḥ

29. mattaḥ gajendraḥ,
mārgānugaḥ śailavanānusārī saṃprasthitaḥ (san),
megharavam niśamya,
yuddhābhikāmaḥ pratināgaśaṅkī (san),
pratisaṃnivṛttaḥ

29. An intoxicated (in musth) lordly elephant, who had set out following the path through the mountain forests, upon hearing the roar of the clouds, mistook it for a rival elephant and, eager for battle, turned back.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्गानुगः (mārgānugaḥ) - following the path (one following a path)

• शैलवनानुसारी (śailavanānusārī) - following the mountain forests (one following mountain forests)

• सम्पस्थितः (sampasthitaḥ) - who had set out (set out, started, departed)

• मेघरवम् (megharavam) - the roar of the clouds (the roar of clouds, cloud-roar)

• निशम्य (niśamya) - upon hearing (having heard, having perceived)

• युद्धाभिकामः (yuddhābhikāmaḥ) - eager for battle (desirous of battle)

• प्रतिनागशङ्की (pratināgaśaṅkī) - mistaking it for a rival elephant (suspecting a rival elephant)

• मत्तः (mattaḥ) - in musth (intoxicated, in musth, arrogant)

• गजेन्द्रः (gajendraḥ) - lordly elephant (king of elephants, lordly elephant)

• प्रतिसंनिवृत्तः (pratisaṁnivṛttaḥ) - turned back (turned back, retreated)

Words meanings and morphology

मार्गानुगः (mārgānugaḥ) - following the path (one following a path)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārgānuga

mārgānuga - following a path, going along a way

Compound: mārga (path) + anuga (follower, going after).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mārga+anuga)

• mārga – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)
• anuga – following, accompanying, follower
  adjective (masculine)
  From anu-√gam 'to follow'.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies gajendraḥ.

शैलवनानुसारी (śailavanānusārī) - following the mountain forests (one following mountain forests)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śailavanānusārin

śailavanānusārin - following mountain forests, traversing mountain woods

Compound: śailavana (mountain forest) + anusārin (following).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śailavana+anusārin)

• śailavana – mountain forest
  noun (neuter)
  Compound: śaila (mountain) + vana (forest).
• anusārin – following, accompanying, conforming to
  adjective (masculine)
  From anu-√sṛ 'to go after, follow'.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies gajendraḥ.

सम्पस्थितः (sampasthitaḥ) - who had set out (set out, started, departed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃprasthita

saṁprasthita - set out, departed, started, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

From sam-pra-√sthā 'to set out, depart'.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies gajendraḥ.

मेघरवम् (megharavam) - the roar of the clouds (the roar of clouds, cloud-roar)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of megharava

megharava - cloud-roar, sound of thunder

Compound: megha (cloud) + rava (roar).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (megha+rava)

• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)
  From √mih 'to moisten, sprinkle'.
  Root: mih (class 1)
• rava – roar, cry, sound, noise
  noun (masculine)
  From √ru 'to roar'.
  Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Object of niśamya.

निशम्य (niśamya) - upon hearing (having heard, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From ni-√śam 'to observe, perceive, hear'.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

युद्धाभिकामः (yuddhābhikāmaḥ) - eager for battle (desirous of battle)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuddhābhikāma

yuddhābhikāma - desirous of battle, eager for fight

Compound: yuddha (battle) + abhikāma (desirous).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+abhikāma)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √yudh 'to fight'.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• abhikāma – desirous, wishing for
  adjective (masculine)
  From abhi-√kam 'to desire'.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Modifies gajendraḥ.

प्रतिनागशङ्की (pratināgaśaṅkī) - mistaking it for a rival elephant (suspecting a rival elephant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratināgaśaṅkin

pratināgaśaṅkin - suspecting a rival elephant

Compound: pratināga (rival elephant) + śaṅkin (suspecting).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pratināga+śaṅkin)

• pratināga – rival elephant
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: prati (against, rival) + nāga (elephant).
  Prefix: prati
• śaṅkin – suspecting, doubting, fearful
  adjective (masculine)
  From √śaṅk 'to doubt, suspect'.
  Root: śaṅk (class 1)

Note: Modifies gajendraḥ.

मत्तः (mattaḥ) - in musth (intoxicated, in musth, arrogant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, mad, arrogant, in rut (of elephants), exhilarated

Past Passive Participle

From √mad 'to be intoxicated, delight in'.

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Modifies gajendraḥ.

गजेन्द्रः (gajendraḥ) - lordly elephant (king of elephants, lordly elephant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gajendra

gajendra - chief elephant, lordly elephant

Compound: gaja (elephant) + indra (chief, lord).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (gaja+indra)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, king (often as a suffix)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रतिसंनिवृत्तः (pratisaṁnivṛttaḥ) - turned back (turned back, retreated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratisaṃnivṛtta

pratisaṁnivṛtta - turned back, returned, retreated

Past Passive Participle

From prati-sam-ni-√vṛt 'to turn back, return'.

Prefixes: prati+sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for gajendraḥ.