वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-4, verse-40

कल्याणे बत नक्षत्रे मयि जातो ऽसि पुत्रक ।
येन त्वया दशरथो गुणैराराधितः पिता ॥४०॥

40. kalyāṇe bata nakṣatre mayi jāto'si putraka ,
yena tvayā daśaratho guṇairārādhitaḥ pitā.

40. kalyāṇe bata nakṣatre mayi jātaḥ asi putraka
| yena tvayā daśarathaḥ guṇaiḥ ārādhitaḥ pitā

40. putraka,
bata,
kalyāṇe nakṣatre mayi tvam jātaḥ asi yena tvayā guṇaiḥ pitā daśarathaḥ ārādhitaḥ

40. Oh, dear son! You were born to me under an auspicious constellation, by whom, through your virtues, your father Daśaratha was pleased.

Words meanings summery:

• कल्याणे (kalyāṇe) - in an auspicious, blessed, beautiful

• बत (bata) - oh! alas! indeed! (exclamatory)

• नक्षत्रे (nakṣatre) - in a constellation, under a star

• मयि (mayi) - in me, for me

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced

• असि (asi) - you are

• पुत्रक (putraka) - dear son, little son

• येन (yena) - by whom (you, Rāma), or by which (constellation/birth) (by whom, by which (instrumental))

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Daśaratha, king of Ayodhyā and father of Rāma (Daśaratha)

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by your (Rāma's) good qualities (by virtues, by qualities)

• आराधितः (ārādhitaḥ) - pleased, propitiated, served, worshipped

• पिता (pitā) - your father Daśaratha (father)

Words meanings and morphology

कल्याणे (kalyāṇe) - in an auspicious, blessed, beautiful

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kalyāṇa

kalyāṇa - auspicious, blessed, beautiful, excellent

Note: Qualifies 'nakṣatre'.

बत (bata) - oh! alas! indeed! (exclamatory)

(indeclinable)

नक्षत्रे (nakṣatre) - in a constellation, under a star

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nakṣatra

nakṣatra - star, constellation, lunar mansion

मयि (mayi) - in me, for me

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Expresses 'to me' or 'in my regard', implying 'born to me as a son'.

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, become

Past Passive Participle

From root jan (to be born, produce)

Root: jan (class 4)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present indicative

Root as (class 2), present 2nd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: as (class 2)

पुत्रक (putraka) - dear son, little son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putraka

putraka - dear son (diminutive/endearing)

Diminutive of putra (son), suffix -ka

येन (yena) - by whom (you, Rāma), or by which (constellation/birth) (by whom, by which (instrumental))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, who, what

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'ārādhitaḥ'.

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Daśaratha, king of Ayodhyā and father of Rāma (Daśaratha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (name of a king)

Literally 'having ten chariots'

Note: Subject of the passive clause.

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by your (Rāma's) good qualities (by virtues, by qualities)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, excellence, string, constituent

Note: Indicates the means by which Daśaratha was pleased.

आराधितः (ārādhitaḥ) - pleased, propitiated, served, worshipped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārādhita

ārādhita - pleased, propitiated, served, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

From root rādh (to succeed, propitiate) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: rādh (class 5)

पिता (pitā) - your father Daśaratha (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father