वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-4, verse-3

अथान्तर्गृहमाविश्य राजा दशरथस्तदा ।
सूतमाज्ञापयामास रामं पुनरिहानय ॥३॥

3. athāntargṛhamāviśya rājā daśarathastadā ,
sūtamājñāpayāmāsa rāmaṃ punarihānaya.

3. atha antargṛham āviśya rājā daśarathaḥ tadā
sūtam ājñāpayāmāsa rāmam punaḥ iha ānaya

3. atha rājā daśarathaḥ tadā antargṛham āviśya
sūtam ājñāpayāmāsa rāmam punaḥ iha ānaya (iti)

3. Then, King Dasharatha entered his inner chambers. Thereupon, he commanded the charioteer, 'Bring Rama back here again!'

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, next (then, next, now)

• अन्तर्गृहम् (antargṛham) - his inner chambers (inner chamber, private apartment, inside the house)

• आविश्य (āviśya) - having entered (having entered, having penetrated)

• राजा (rājā) - King (Dasharatha) (king, ruler)

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasharatha (Dasharatha (a proper name))

• तदा (tadā) - thereupon (then, at that time)

• सूतम् (sūtam) - the charioteer (charioteer, bard, carpenter)

• आज्ञापयामास (ājñāpayāmāsa) - he commanded (he ordered, he commanded)

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (Rama (accusative))

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back (again, anew, furthermore)

• इह (iha) - here (here, in this world)

• आनय (ānaya) - bring (Rama) (bring, lead hither)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, next (then, next, now)

(indeclinable)

अन्तर्गृहम् (antargṛham) - his inner chambers (inner chamber, private apartment, inside the house)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of antargṛha

antargṛha - inner apartment, private chamber, seraglio

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antar+gṛha)

• antar – within, inside, between
  indeclinable
• gṛha – house, home, dwelling
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'āviśya'.

आविश्य (āviśya) - having entered (having entered, having penetrated)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root viś with prefix ā, and suffix lyaP (used with prefixes).

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

राजा (rājā) - King (Dasharatha) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasharatha (Dasharatha (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Dasharatha (father of Rama)

Compound: Daśa (ten) + ratha (chariot). 'Having ten chariots'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+ratha)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ratha – chariot, car, vehicle
  noun (masculine)
  From root ram (to enjoy).
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'rājā'.

तदा (tadā) - thereupon (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun tad + suffix dā.

सूतम् (sūtam) - the charioteer (charioteer, bard, carpenter)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, messenger, carpenter

From root sū (to generate) or svṛ (to praise).

Root: sū/svṛ (class 2)

आज्ञापयामास (ājñāpayāmāsa) - he commanded (he ordered, he commanded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (past) (liṭ) of ājñāpay

Periphrastic Perfect

Third person singular, Periphrastic Perfect (ām-āsa formation), Active voice of causative root jñā with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: The agent (Dasharatha) orders the object (charioteer) to perform an action.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (Rama (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama

Root: ram (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back (again, anew, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

The 'r' often becomes 'ḥ' or 's' in sandhi.

इह (iha) - here (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

आनय (ānaya) - bring (Rama) (bring, lead hither)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ā-nī

Imperative

Second person singular, Imperative (loṭ), Active voice of root nī with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is the charioteer (sūtam).