वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-4, verse-1

गतेष्वथ नृपो भूयः पौरेषु सह मन्त्रिभिः ।
मन्त्रयित्वा ततश्चक्रे निश्चयज्ञः स निश्चयम् ॥१॥

1. gateṣvatha nṛpo bhūyaḥ paureṣu saha mantribhiḥ ,
mantrayitvā tataścakre niścayajñaḥ sa niścayam.

1. gateṣu atha nṛpaḥ bhūyas paureṣu saha mantribhiḥ
mantrayitvā tataḥ cakre niścayajñaḥ saḥ niścayam

1. atha paureṣu gateṣu nṛpaḥ niścayajñaḥ mantribhiḥ
saha bhūyas mantrayitvā tataḥ saḥ niścayam cakre

1. After the citizens had departed, the decisive king once again consulted with his ministers. Having deliberated, he then made his decision.

Words meanings summery:

• गतेषु (gateṣu) - when the citizens had departed (among those who have gone, when they had gone)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, next, now, therefore)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (Dasharatha) (king, ruler)

• भूयस् (bhūyas) - again, once more (again, further, more, often)

• पौरेषु (paureṣu) - when the citizens (had departed) (among the citizens, concerning the citizens)

• सह (saha) - together with (with, together with)

• मन्त्रिभिः (mantribhiḥ) - with the ministers (by the ministers, with the ministers)

• मन्त्रयित्वा (mantrayitvā) - having deliberated, having held a consultation (having consulted, having deliberated)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, from that, therefore)

• चक्रे (cakre) - he made (a decision) (he made, he did)

• निश्चयज्ञः (niścayajñaḥ) - decisive, one who is skilled in making decisions (knowing decision, one who knows what is to be decided, decisive)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the king) (he, that)

• निश्चयम् (niścayam) - his decision (decision, certainty, resolve)

Words meanings and morphology

गतेषु (gateṣu) - when the citizens had departed (among those who have gone, when they had gone)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, understood

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam with suffix kta (past passive participle).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction, 'when they had gone'.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, next, now, therefore)

(indeclinable)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (Dasharatha) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Formed from nṛ (man) + pa (protector).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

भूयस् (bhūyas) - again, once more (again, further, more, often)

(indeclinable)

Comparative form of bahu.

पौरेषु (paureṣu) - when the citizens (had departed) (among the citizens, concerning the citizens)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of paura

paura - citizen, townsman, relating to a town

From pura (city) + aṇ (suffix).

Note: Implied subject of 'gateṣu'.

सह (saha) - together with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

मन्त्रिभिः (mantribhiḥ) - with the ministers (by the ministers, with the ministers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mantrin

mantrin - minister, counselor

From mantra (counsel) + in (possessive suffix).

Note: Governed by 'saha'.

मन्त्रयित्वा (mantrayitvā) - having deliberated, having held a consultation (having consulted, having deliberated)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the denominative root mantray (from mantra) with the suffix ktvā.

Root: mantra (class 10)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, from that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun tad with the suffix tas.

चक्रे (cakre) - he made (a decision) (he made, he did)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (past) (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect Tense

Third person singular Perfect (liṭ), Middle voice of root kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

निश्चयज्ञः (niścayajñaḥ) - decisive, one who is skilled in making decisions (knowing decision, one who knows what is to be decided, decisive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niścayajña

niścayajña - knowing what is to be decided, skilled in determination, decisive

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niścaya+jña)

• niścaya – decision, determination, certainty, resolve
  noun (masculine)
  From root ci with prefix nis and suffix ac.
  Prefix: nis
  Root: ci (class 5)
• jña – knowing, knower, acquainted with
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā with suffix ka.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (the king).

सः (saḥ) - he (the king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king (Dasharatha).

निश्चयम् (niścayam) - his decision (decision, certainty, resolve)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - decision, determination, certainty, resolve

From root ci with prefix nis and suffix ac.

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Object of 'cakre'.