मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-1, verse-34
एतच्छ्रुत्वा द्विजश्रेष्ठो वचो शक्रस्य नारदः ।
विचिन्त्याप्सरसः प्राह विनयावनताः स्थिताः ॥३४॥
विचिन्त्याप्सरसः प्राह विनयावनताः स्थिताः ॥३४॥
34. etacchrutvā dvijaśreṣṭho vaco śakrasya nāradaḥ .
vicintyāpsarasaḥ prāha vinayāvanatāḥ sthitāḥ.
vicintyāpsarasaḥ prāha vinayāvanatāḥ sthitāḥ.
34.
etat śrutvā dvijaśreṣṭhaḥ vacaḥ śakrasya nāradaḥ
| vicintya apsarasaḥ prāha vinayāvanatāḥ sthitāḥ
| vicintya apsarasaḥ prāha vinayāvanatāḥ sthitāḥ
34.
Having heard these words of Indra, Nārada, the best among the twice-born (dvija), having reflected upon the apsarases, spoke to them as they stood humbly.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एतत् (etat) - these (words) (this, that)
- श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard
- द्विजश्रेष्ठः (dvijaśreṣṭhaḥ) - Nārada, the best among the twice-born (dvija) (best of the twice-born, best of Brahmins)
- वचः (vacaḥ) - words (of Indra) (word, speech, saying)
- शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Indra
- नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada (Nārada (a divine sage))
- विचिन्त्य (vicintya) - having reflected (having considered, having thought over)
- अप्सरसः (apsarasaḥ) - the apsarases (apsarases (celestial nymphs))
- प्राह (prāha) - he spoke (he said, he declared)
- विनयावनताः (vinayāvanatāḥ) - humbled with modesty (referring to the apsarases) (bowed down with humility, humbled by modesty)
- स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - standing (referring to the apsarases) (stood, situated)
Words meanings and morphology
एतत् (etat) - these (words) (this, that)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, that
Note: Qualifies `vacaḥ`.
श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Formed from root śru with suffix -tvā.
Root: śru (class 5)
द्विजश्रेष्ठः (dvijaśreṣṭhaḥ) - Nārada, the best among the twice-born (dvija) (best of the twice-born, best of Brahmins)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijaśreṣṭha
dvijaśreṣṭha - best of the twice-born, pre-eminent brahmin, best of birds etc.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+śreṣṭha)
- dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth
noun (masculine) - śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, pre-eminent
adjective (masculine)
Note: Qualifies `nāradaḥ`.
वचः (vacaḥ) - words (of Indra) (word, speech, saying)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas
vacas - word, speech, saying, declaration
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Object of `śrutvā`.
शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Indra
(proper noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of śakra
śakra - Indra, powerful one
Note: Possessive, 'of Indra'.
नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada (Nārada (a divine sage))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada
nārada - Nārada (a divine sage, devarṣi, son of Brahmā, cosmic messenger)
विचिन्त्य (vicintya) - having reflected (having considered, having thought over)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
From root cint with upasarga vi, and suffix -ya (lyap).
Prefix: vi
Root: cint (class 10)
अप्सरसः (apsarasaḥ) - the apsarases (apsarases (celestial nymphs))
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of apsaras
apsaras - Apsaras, celestial nymph, heavenly dancer
Note: Accusative plural feminine, object of `prāha` (to whom he spoke).
प्राह (prāha) - he spoke (he said, he declared)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah
Past Tense
Root ah with upasarga pra, in perfect tense (Liṭ), 3rd person singular.
Prefix: pra
Root: ah (class 2)
विनयावनताः (vinayāvanatāḥ) - humbled with modesty (referring to the apsarases) (bowed down with humility, humbled by modesty)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of vinayāvanata
vinayāvanata - bowed down with modesty/humility
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vinaya+avanata)
- vinaya – modesty, humility, discipline
noun (masculine) - avanata – bowed, bent down
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root nam with upasarga ava
Prefix: ava
Root: nam (class 1)
Note: Adjective qualifying `apsarasaḥ`.
स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - standing (referring to the apsarases) (stood, situated)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of sthita
sthita - stood, standing, situated, being
Past Passive Participle
From root sthā
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Adjective qualifying `apsarasaḥ`. Together `vinayāvanatāḥ sthitāḥ` means 'stood humbly'.