मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम् mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam - chapter-1, verse-1

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तपः स्वाध्यायनिरतं मार्कण्डेयं महामुनिम् ।
व्यासशिष्यो महातेजा जैमिनिः पर्यपृच्छत ॥१॥

1. tapaḥ svādhyāyanirataṃ mārkaṇḍeyaṃ mahāmunim .
vyāsaśiṣyo mahātejā jaiminiḥ paryapṛcchata.

1. tapaḥsvādhyāyaniratam mārkaṇḍeyam mahāmunim
vyāsaśiṣyaḥ mahātejāḥ jaiminiḥ paryapṛcchata

1. Jaimini, the greatly effulgent disciple of Vyasa, inquired of the great sage Mārkaṇḍeya, who was constantly engaged in spiritual austerities (tapas) and self-study (svādhyāya).

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

तपःस्वाध्यायनिरतम् (tapaḥsvādhyāyaniratam) - engaged in spiritual austerities (tapas) and Vedic self-study (svādhyāya) (devoted to penance and self-study)

मार्कण्डेयम् (mārkaṇḍeyam) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya (Mārkaṇḍeya)

महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - great sage

व्यासशिष्यः (vyāsaśiṣyaḥ) - disciple of Vyasa

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly effulgent, highly energetic

जैमिनिः (jaiminiḥ) - The sage Jaimini (Jaimini)

पर्यपृच्छत (paryapṛcchata) - asked, inquired

Words meanings and morphology

तपःस्वाध्यायनिरतम् (tapaḥsvādhyāyaniratam) - engaged in spiritual austerities (tapas) and Vedic self-study (svādhyāya) (devoted to penance and self-study)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapas-svādhyāya-nirata

tapas-svādhyāya-nirata - devoted to penance and self-study

Compound: tapas (penance) + svādhyāya (self-study) + nirata (engaged in). The internal sandhi 'tapas + svādhyāya' results in 'tapaḥsvādhyāya'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa then bahuvrīhi (tapas+svādhyāya+nirata)

tapas – penance, austerity, spiritual discipline
noun (neuter)
Root: tap (class 1)
svādhyāya – self-study, Vedic study
noun (masculine)
From sva (self) and adhyāya (study).
Prefix: adhi
Root: i (class 2)
nirata – engaged in, devoted to, absorbed in
participle (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Formed from ni-√ram (to stop, to delight in).
Prefix: ni
Root: ram (class 1)

मार्कण्डेयम् (mārkaṇḍeyam) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya (Mārkaṇḍeya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - A proper noun, name of a sage

Note: Object of the verb 'paryapṛcchata'.

महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - great sage

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahā-muni

mahā-muni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+muni)

mahā – great, large, extensive
adjective (feminine)
From mahat (great).
muni – sage, ascetic, contemplative
noun (masculine)
Root: man (class 1)

Note: An epithet for Mārkaṇḍeya, agreeing in case, gender, and number.

व्यासशिष्यः (vyāsaśiṣyaḥ) - disciple of Vyasa

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa-śiṣya

vyāsa-śiṣya - disciple of Vyasa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vyāsa+śiṣya)

vyāsa – Vyasa (proper name of a sage)
proper noun (masculine)
From vi-√as, meaning "to expand, arrange".
Prefix: vi
Root: as (class 2)
śiṣya – disciple, student
noun (masculine)
From śās (to teach, to discipline).
Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence, qualifying Jaimini.

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly effulgent, highly energetic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-tejas

mahā-tejas - greatly glorious, highly energetic, very brilliant

Bahuvrīhi compound: one whose tejas (splendor) is mahat (great). The s-stem 'tejas' often forms an 'ā'-ending adjective in masculine nominative singular for Bahuvrīhi compounds.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+tejas)