महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-7, verse-25

अश्वत्थामा पृष्ठतोऽभूत्काम्बोजैः परिवारितः ।
दुर्योधनोऽभवन्मध्ये रक्षितः कुरुपुंगवैः ॥२५॥

25. aśvatthāmā pṛṣṭhato'bhūtkāmbojaiḥ parivāritaḥ ,
duryodhano'bhavanmadhye rakṣitaḥ kurupuṁgavaiḥ.

25. aśvatthāmā pṛṣṭhataḥ abhūt kāmbojaiḥ parivāritaḥ
duryodhanaḥ abhavat madhye rakṣitaḥ kurupuṅgavaiḥ

25. aśvatthāmā pṛṣṭhataḥ kāmbojaiḥ parivāritaḥ abhūt
duryodhanaḥ madhye kurupuṅgavaiḥ rakṣitaḥ abhavat

25. Aśvatthāmā was at the rear, surrounded by the Kambojas. Duryodhana himself was in the center, protected by the finest warriors among the Kurus.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāmā (son of Droṇa)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - at the rear (of the formation) (from behind, at the back, in the rear)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - was, became, existed

• काम्बोजैः (kāmbojaiḥ) - by the Kambojas (a people)

• परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, enveloped

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - was, became, existed

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the center (of the army formation) (in the middle, in the midst, among)

• रक्षितः (rakṣitaḥ) - protected, guarded, preserved

• कुरुपुङ्गवैः (kurupuṅgavaiḥ) - by the finest warriors among the Kurus (by the foremost/excellent among the Kurus)

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāmā (son of Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Aśvatthāmā (a mighty warrior in the Mahābhārata, son of Droṇa and Kṛpī)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - at the rear (of the formation) (from behind, at the back, in the rear)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas (expressing 'from' or 'at') added to pṛṣṭha (back)

अभूत् (abhūt) - was, became, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

काम्बोजैः (kāmbojaiḥ) - by the Kambojas (a people)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kāmboja

kāmboja - the Kambojas (an ancient Indo-Iranian people, often mentioned in epic literature), the country of the Kambojas

परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, enveloped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivārita

parivārita - surrounded, encircled, protected, covered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'vṛ' (to cover, choose) with the prefix 'pari-'

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 9)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (the eldest of the Kauravas, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil, hard
  prefix
• yodhana – fighting, warrior, battle
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'yudh' (to fight) + ana suffix
  Root: yudh (class 4)

अभवत् (abhavat) - was, became, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

मध्ये (madhye) - in the center (of the army formation) (in the middle, in the midst, among)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, central, intermediate, neutral

रक्षितः (rakṣitaḥ) - protected, guarded, preserved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rakṣita

rakṣita - protected, guarded, preserved, saved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'rakṣ' (to protect) + kta suffix

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

कुरुपुङ्गवैः (kurupuṅgavaiḥ) - by the finest warriors among the Kurus (by the foremost/excellent among the Kurus)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kurupuṅgava

kurupuṅgava - bull among the Kurus, chief of the Kurus, foremost of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+puṅgava)

• kuru – a Kuru, descendant of Kuru, a member of the Kuru dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, chief, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)