महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-7, verse-23

प्रयाणे मद्रराजोऽभून्मुखं व्यूहस्य दंशितः ।
मद्रकैः सहितो वीरैः कर्णपुत्रैश्च दुर्जयैः ॥२३॥

23. prayāṇe madrarājo'bhūnmukhaṁ vyūhasya daṁśitaḥ ,
madrakaiḥ sahito vīraiḥ karṇaputraiśca durjayaiḥ.

23. prayāṇe madrarājaḥ abhūt mukham vyūhasya daṃśitaḥ
madrakaiḥ sahitaḥ vīraiḥ karṇaputraiḥ ca durjayaiḥ

23. prayāṇe daṃśitaḥ madrarājaḥ vyūhasya mukham abhūt
vīraiḥ madrakaiḥ ca durjayaiḥ karṇaputraiḥ sahitaḥ

23. In the advance, the armored king of Madra became the forefront of the battle array (vyūha), accompanied by brave Madras and by the unconquerable sons of Karṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रयाणे (prayāṇe) - in the advance (of the army) (in the advance, in the march, in the journey)

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - the king of Madra (Śalya) (king of Madra)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - became (was, became, existed)

• मुखम् (mukham) - forefront (face, mouth, front, chief part)

• व्यूहस्य (vyūhasya) - of the battle array (vyūha) (of the battle array, of the formation)

• दंशितः (daṁśitaḥ) - armored (armored, equipped, bitten)

• मद्रकैः (madrakaiḥ) - by brave Madras (by the Madras (people/warriors))

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied (accompanied, joined, united with)

• वीरैः (vīraiḥ) - by brave (Madras) (by the brave ones, by the heroes)

• कर्णपुत्रैः (karṇaputraiḥ) - by the sons of Karṇa

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दुर्जयैः (durjayaiḥ) - by the unconquerable (by the unconquerable, by the difficult to conquer)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रयाणे (prayāṇe) - in the advance (of the army) (in the advance, in the march, in the journey)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of prayāṇa

prayāṇa - advance, march, journey, departure

Derived from root `yā` (to go) with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - the king of Madra (Śalya) (king of Madra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of Madra, Śalya

Compound of Madra (a country/people) and Rāja (king).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan)

• madra – Madra people, Madra country
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of `abhūt`.

अभूत् (abhūt) - became (was, became, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (luṅ) of bhū

Imperfect 3rd singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

मुखम् (mukham) - forefront (face, mouth, front, chief part)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - face, mouth, front, chief part, opening

Note: Predicative nominative to `abhūt`.

व्यूहस्य (vyūhasya) - of the battle array (vyūha) (of the battle array, of the formation)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vyūha

vyūha - arrangement, disposition, array, battle array, formation

Derived from root `ūh` (to arrange, combine) with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

दंशितः (daṁśitaḥ) - armored (armored, equipped, bitten)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṃśita

daṁśita - armored, equipped, bitten, stung

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `daṃś` (to bite, arm).

Root: daṃś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `madrarājaḥ`.

मद्रकैः (madrakaiḥ) - by brave Madras (by the Madras (people/warriors))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of madraka

madraka - a native of Madra, a Madra warrior

Derived from `madra`.

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied (accompanied, joined, united with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied, joined, united with, together with

Often understood as derived from `saha` (with) + `ita` (gone), or a specialization from `sah` (to endure).

Note: Qualifies `madrarājaḥ`.

वीरैः (vīraiḥ) - by brave (Madras) (by the brave ones, by the heroes)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave, powerful, eminent

Root: vīr

Note: Qualifies `madrakaiḥ`.

कर्णपुत्रैः (karṇaputraiḥ) - by the sons of Karṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of karṇaputra

karṇaputra - son of Karṇa

Compound of `karṇa` and `putra` (son).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karṇa+putra)

• karṇa – Karṇa (proper name), ear
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

दुर्जयैः (durjayaiḥ) - by the unconquerable (by the unconquerable, by the difficult to conquer)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of durjaya

durjaya - unconquerable, irresistible, difficult to conquer

Compound of `dus` (bad, difficult) and `jaya` (victory, conquering).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+jaya)

• dur – hard, bad, difficult
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `ji` (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `karṇaputraiḥ`.