महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-7, verse-21

रथप्रवरमास्थाय सैन्धवाश्वं महारथः ।
तस्य सीता महाराज रथस्थाशोभयद्रथम् ॥२१॥

21. rathapravaramāsthāya saindhavāśvaṁ mahārathaḥ ,
tasya sītā mahārāja rathasthāśobhayadratham.

21. rathapravaram āsthāya saindhavāśvam mahārathaḥ
tasya sītā mahārāja rathasthā aśobhayat ratham

21. mahārāja mahārathaḥ saindhavāśvam rathapravaram
āsthāya tasya rathasthā sītā ratham aśobhayat

21. O great king, that great charioteer, having mounted his excellent chariot equipped with Sindhu horses, his chariot seat (sītā) positioned on the chariot, made it splendid.

Words meanings summery:

• रथप्रवरम् (rathapravaram) - excellent chariot (excellent chariot, best of chariots)

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted (having mounted, having ascended, having resorted to)

• सैन्धवाश्वम् (saindhavāśvam) - equipped with Sindhu horses (having horses from Sindhu, related to Sindhu horses)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer (great charioteer, great warrior)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (his, its, of that)

• सीता (sītā) - chariot seat (sītā) (furrow, line, chariot seat)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• रथस्था (rathasthā) - positioned on the chariot (situated on the chariot, standing on the chariot)

• अशोभयत् (aśobhayat) - made splendid (adorned, beautified, made splendid)

• रथम् (ratham) - the chariot (chariot, car)

Words meanings and morphology

रथप्रवरम् (rathapravaram) - excellent chariot (excellent chariot, best of chariots)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathapravara

rathapravara - excellent chariot, best of chariots

Compound of `ratha` (chariot) and `pravara` (excellent, chief).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+pravara)

• ratha – chariot, car, vehicle
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram
• pravara – excellent, chief, best, choicest
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Object of `āsthāya`.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted (having mounted, having ascended, having resorted to)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root `sthā` (to stand) with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

सैन्धवाश्वम् (saindhavāśvam) - equipped with Sindhu horses (having horses from Sindhu, related to Sindhu horses)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saindhavāśva

saindhavāśva - having Sindhu horses, consisting of Sindhu horses

Compound of `saindhava` (from Sindhu) and `aśva` (horse).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saindhava+aśva)

• saindhava – belonging to or coming from Sindhu, a horse from Sindhu
  adjective (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `rathapravaram`.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer (great charioteer, great warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior, a warrior fighting from a great chariot

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `ratha` (chariot/warrior on a chariot).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (on a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तस्य (tasya) - his (his, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Madra king.

सीता (sītā) - chariot seat (sītā) (furrow, line, chariot seat)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - furrow, line, a ploughed field, chariot seat

Root: si

Note: Subject of `aśobhayat`.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `rājan` (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

रथस्था (rathasthā) - positioned on the chariot (situated on the chariot, standing on the chariot)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - situated on the chariot, standing on the chariot

Compound of `ratha` (chariot) and `stha` (standing, situated).

Compound type : upapada (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot, car, vehicle
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  kṛt suffix
  Derived from root `sthā` (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `sītā`.

अशोभयत् (aśobhayat) - made splendid (adorned, beautified, made splendid)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śubh

Imperfect 3rd singular causative

Causative of root `śubh`.

Root: śubh (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - the chariot (chariot, car)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Root: ram

Note: Object of `aśobhayat`.