महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-7, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
व्यतीतायां रजन्यां तु राजा दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
अब्रवीत्तावकान्सर्वान्संनह्यन्तां महारथाः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
vyatītāyāṁ rajanyāṁ tu rājā duryodhanastadā ,
abravīttāvakānsarvānsaṁnahyantāṁ mahārathāḥ.

1. sañjaya uvāca vyatītāyām rajanyām tu rājā duryodhanaḥ
tadā abravīt tāvakān sarvān saṃnahyantām mahārathāḥ

1. sañjaya uvāca: tadā rajanyām vyatītāyām tu rājā duryodhanaḥ sarvān tāvakān abravīt: "mahārathāḥ saṃnahyantām.
"

1. Sañjaya said: 'Then, when that night had passed, King Duryodhana spoke to all your men (the Kauravas), saying: "Let the great charioteers prepare for battle!"'

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (Sañjaya (a proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• व्यतीतायाम् (vyatītāyām) - when that had passed (having passed, elapsed, gone by)

• रजन्याम् (rajanyām) - in the night

• तु (tu) - then (but, indeed, however, and)

• राजा (rājā) - King

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (a proper name))

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (said, spoke)

• तावकान् (tāvakān) - your warriors (Kauravas) (your men, your people, those belonging to you)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (all, every)

• संनह्यन्ताम् (saṁnahyantām) - let them prepare for battle (let them get ready, let them be armed)

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers (great charioteers, great warriors)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (Sañjaya (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (Vyāsa's charioteer and narrator)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense (lit)

Reduplicated perfect form of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb for Sañjaya.

व्यतीतायाम् (vyatītāyām) - when that had passed (having passed, elapsed, gone by)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vyatīta

vyatīta - passed, gone by, elapsed, deceased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root i with prefixes vi and ati, with suffix kta (Pāṇini 3.2.102)

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rajanyām'.

रजन्याम् (rajanyām) - in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

Root: raj (class 1)

Note: Adverbial, indicating time.

तु (tu) - then (but, indeed, however, and)

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - King

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (the eldest Kaurava prince)

Prefix: dur

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Appositive to 'rājā'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal stem tad

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect tense (laṅ)

Imperfect form of root brū with augment a-

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb for Duryodhana.

तावकान् (tāvakān) - your warriors (Kauravas) (your men, your people, those belonging to you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you, your people, your side (in plural)

Derived from pronominal stem tvad (you)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (all, every)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Qualifies 'tāvakān'.

संनह्यन्ताम् (saṁnahyantām) - let them prepare for battle (let them get ready, let them be armed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of saṃnah

imperative (loṭ)

From root nah (to bind) with prefix sam, middle voice.

Prefix: sam

Root: nah (class 4)

Note: Part of the direct speech.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers (great charioteers, great warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great chariot, a great warrior, a commander of many chariots

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior fighting from a chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'saṃnahyantām'.