महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-7, verse-14

कथं रणे हतः शल्यो धर्मराजेन संजय ।
भीमेन च महाबाहुः पुत्रो दुर्योधनो मम ॥१४॥

14. kathaṁ raṇe hataḥ śalyo dharmarājena saṁjaya ,
bhīmena ca mahābāhuḥ putro duryodhano mama.

14. katham raṇe hataḥ śalyaḥ dharmarājena saṃjaya
bhīmena ca mahābāhuḥ putraḥ duryodhanaḥ mama

14. saṃjaya katham raṇe dharmarājena śalyaḥ hataḥ ca
bhīmena mama mahābāhuḥ putraḥ duryodhanaḥ hataḥ

14. O Saṃjaya, how was Śalya killed in battle by Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)? And how was my mighty-armed son Duryodhana slain by Bhīma?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• हतः (hataḥ) - slain, killed

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya

• धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) (by the king of (dharma) intrinsic nature, law, righteousness)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya

• भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhīma

• च (ca) - and

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed, great-armed

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• मम (mama) - my, of me

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

हतः (hataḥ) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck

Past Passive Participle

Root: han (class 2)

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (name of a king, general of the Kaurava army)

धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) (by the king of (dharma) intrinsic nature, law, righteousness)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of (dharma) intrinsic nature, law, righteousness; Yudhiṣṭhira, Yama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – (dharma) intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (charioteer and narrator to Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhīma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (one of the Pāṇḍava brothers)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed, great-armed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - great-armed, mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I