महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-64, verse-39

राज्ञो नियोगाद्योद्धव्यं ब्राह्मणेन विशेषतः ।
वर्तता क्षत्रधर्मेण ह्येवं धर्मविदो विदुः ॥३९॥

39. rājño niyogādyoddhavyaṁ brāhmaṇena viśeṣataḥ ,
vartatā kṣatradharmeṇa hyevaṁ dharmavido viduḥ.

39. rājñaḥ niyogāt yoddhavyam brāhmaṇena viśeṣataḥ
vartatā kṣatradharmeṇa hi evam dharmavidaḥ viduḥ

39. rājñaḥ niyogāt brāhmaṇena yoddhavyam viśeṣataḥ.
hi evam kṣatradharmeṇa vartatā iti dharmavidaḥ viduḥ.

39. By the king's command, a brahmin should especially fight. Indeed, those who understand (natural) law (dharma) know that one should act according to the intrinsic nature (kṣatradharma) of a warrior in such a situation.

Words meanings summery:

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• नियोगात् (niyogāt) - by command, by injunction, on account of the appointment

• योद्धव्यम् (yoddhavyam) - to be fought, should be fought, one should fight

• ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by a brahmin

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly

• वर्तता (vartatā) - one should act, should proceed

• क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - according to the law of warriors, by the intrinsic nature of a kshatriya

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - those who know dharma, experts in dharma

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

नियोगात् (niyogāt) - by command, by injunction, on account of the appointment

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of niyoga

niyoga - command, injunction, appointment

From ni + √yuj (to join, appoint)

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Indicates 'due to' or 'by virtue of'.

योद्धव्यम् (yoddhavyam) - to be fought, should be fought, one should fight

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yoddhavya

yoddhavya - to be fought, fit for fighting

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From √yudh (to fight) + tavya suffix

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Implies 'it should be fought'.

ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by a brahmin

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - brahmin, relating to a brahmin

From brahman

Note: Agent of the passive gerundive 'yoddhavyam'.

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly

(indeclinable)

From viśeṣa (distinction) + suffix -tas

वर्तता (vartatā) - one should act, should proceed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used impersonally, 'one should act'.

क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - according to the law of warriors, by the intrinsic nature of a kshatriya

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - the duty/law/intrinsic nature (dharma) of a kshatriya/warrior

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – warrior, royal class
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to uphold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates 'in accordance with'.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - those who know dharma, experts in dharma

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of (natural) law (dharma), expert in righteousness

From dharma + √vid (to know)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to uphold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knower, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root
  From √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)