महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-64, verse-20

तस्य तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा दुःखितस्य विशेषतः ।
उवाच राजन्पुत्रस्ते प्राप्तकालमिदं वचः ॥२०॥

20. tasya tadvacanaṁ śrutvā duḥkhitasya viśeṣataḥ ,
uvāca rājanputraste prāptakālamidaṁ vacaḥ.

20. tasya tat vacanam śrutvā duḥkhitasya viśeṣataḥ
uvāca rājan putraḥ te prāptakālam idam vacaḥ

20. rājan duḥkhitasya viśeṣataḥ tasya tat vacanam
śrutvā te putraḥ idam prāptakālam vacaḥ uvāca

20. Having heard those words of his, especially since he was distressed, your son, O King, then spoke these opportune words.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of his (referring to the distressed king) (his, of him, of that)

• तत् (tat) - that

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, having listened

• दुःखितस्य (duḥkhitasya) - of the distressed, of the sorrowful one

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly, distinctively

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• ते (te) - your, of you

• प्राप्तकालम् (prāptakālam) - timely, opportune, appropriate time

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of his (referring to the distressed king) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the subject of duḥkhitasya.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Neuter accusative singular, agrees with vacanam.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, word, speech, statement

From root vac with suffix lyuṭ.

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, having listened

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root śru with suffix ktvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

दुःखितस्य (duḥkhitasya) - of the distressed, of the sorrowful one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

From duḥkha (noun) + ita (suff.) or from root duḥkh (denom.)

Root: duḥkh

Note: Agrees with tasya (implied tasyāpi duḥkhitasya).

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly, distinctively

(indeclinable)

From viśeṣa (distinction) + tas suffix.

Note: Modifies duḥkhitasya.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root vac in perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject is putraḥ.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to the king.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Nominative singular, subject of uvāca.

ते (te) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Possessive for putraḥ.

प्राप्तकालम् (prāptakālam) - timely, opportune, appropriate time

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prāptakāla

prāptakāla - timely, opportune, whose time has come

Compound of prāpta (attained) and kāla (time).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (prāpta+kāla)

• prāpta – attained, obtained, reached
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root āp with prefix pra and suffix kta.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)
• kāla – time, season, opportunity
  noun (masculine)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Neuter accusative singular. Agrees with vacaḥ.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, statement, voice

From root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of uvāca.