महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-64, verse-16

एष मूर्धावसिक्तानामग्रे गत्वा परंतपः ।
सतृणं ग्रसते पांसुं पश्य कालस्य पर्ययम् ॥१६॥

16. eṣa mūrdhāvasiktānāmagre gatvā paraṁtapaḥ ,
satṛṇaṁ grasate pāṁsuṁ paśya kālasya paryayam.

16. eṣa mūrdhāvasiktānām agre gatvā paraṃtapaḥ
satṛṇam grasate pāṃsum paśya kālasya paryayam

16. eṣa paraṃtapaḥ mūrdhāvasiktānām agre gatvā
satṛṇam pāṃsum grasate kālasya paryayam paśya

16. This tormentor of foes (paraṃtapa), after having gone before those whose heads were anointed (mūrdhāvasikta), now eats dust with grass. Behold the change (paryaya) of time (kāla).

Words meanings summery:

• एष (eṣa) - this (one)

• मूर्धावसिक्तानाम् (mūrdhāvasiktānām) - of those who were formerly kings or consecrated persons (of those whose heads were anointed, of consecrated ones)

• अग्रे (agre) - in front of, before, ahead

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - an epithet for a powerful warrior, often Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna (tormentor of foes, oppressor of enemies)

• सतृणम् (satṛṇam) - with grass, accompanied by grass

• ग्रसते (grasate) - he eats, devours

• पांसुम् (pāṁsum) - dust, sand

• पश्य (paśya) - see! behold!

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time, of the period

• पर्ययम् (paryayam) - change, reversal, vicissitude

Words meanings and morphology

एष (eṣa) - this (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this, this one

मूर्धावसिक्तानाम् (mūrdhāvasiktānām) - of those who were formerly kings or consecrated persons (of those whose heads were anointed, of consecrated ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mūrdhāvasikta

mūrdhāvasikta - anointed on the head, consecrated, crowned (a king or high priest)

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'mūrdhan' (head) and 'avasikta' (P.P.P. of 'ava-sic' to sprinkle down)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mūrdhan+avasikta)

• mūrdhan – head, top, summit
  noun (masculine)
• avasikta – sprinkled down, consecrated, anointed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'sic' with prefix 'ava'
  Prefix: ava
  Root: sic (class 6)

अग्रे (agre) - in front of, before, ahead

(indeclinable)

Locative singular of 'agra' used adverbially

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root 'gam' (to go) with the suffix '-tvā'

Root: gam (class 1)

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - an epithet for a powerful warrior, often Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna (tormentor of foes, oppressor of enemies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, afflicter of enemies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• param – enemy, foe, rival
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – burning, tormenting, heat
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, to torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

सतृणम् (satṛṇam) - with grass, accompanied by grass

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satṛṇa

satṛṇa - with grass, grassy, accompanied by grass

Compound type : bahuvrīhi or avyayībhāva (often used adverbially) (sa+tṛṇa)

• sa – with, together with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• tṛṇa – grass, a blade of grass
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially here, agreeing with 'pāṃsum'

ग्रसते (grasate) - he eats, devours

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of gras

Present Indicative

Root 'gras', ātmanepada (middle voice), 3rd person singular

Root: gras (class 1)

पांसुम् (pāṁsum) - dust, sand

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṃsu

pāṁsu - dust, sand, fine powder

पश्य (paśya) - see! behold!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Imperative

Root 'dṛś' (which uses 'paśya' stem in imperative), parasmaipada, 2nd person singular

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time, of the period

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, proper season

पर्ययम् (paryayam) - change, reversal, vicissitude

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paryaya

paryaya - change, alternation, reversal, vicissitude, end, turn

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pari + aya) (pari+aya)

• pari – around, completely, fully
  indeclinable
• aya – going, coming, movement
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'i' (to go)
  Root: i (class 2)