महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-64, verse-13

भूत्वा हि नृपतिः पूर्वं समाज्ञाप्य च मेदिनीम् ।
कथमेकोऽद्य राजेन्द्र तिष्ठसे निर्जने वने ॥१३॥

13. bhūtvā hi nṛpatiḥ pūrvaṁ samājñāpya ca medinīm ,
kathameko'dya rājendra tiṣṭhase nirjane vane.

13. bhūtvā hi nṛpatiḥ pūrvam samājñāpya ca medinīm
katham ekaḥ adya rājendra tiṣṭhase nirjane vane

13. rājendra pūrvam nṛpatiḥ bhūtvā ca medinīm
samājñāpya adya katham ekaḥ nirjane vane tiṣṭhase

13. Having indeed been a king previously and having commanded the entire earth, how is it, O King (rājendra), that today you remain alone in a desolate forest?

Words meanings summery:

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, having become

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king, ruler of men

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

• समाज्ञाप्य (samājñāpya) - having commanded, having ruled, having ordered

• च (ca) - and, also

• मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the earth, the land

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone, solitary

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king, O chief of kings

• तिष्ठसे (tiṣṭhase) - you remain, you stand

• निर्जने (nirjane) - in a desolate forest (in a desolate, solitary, uninhabited (place))

• वने (vane) - in the forest

Words meanings and morphology

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, having become

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root 'bhū' (to be) with the suffix '-tvā'

Root: bhū (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king, ruler of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, ruler of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter of 'pūrva' used adverbially

समाज्ञाप्य (samājñāpya) - having commanded, having ruled, having ordered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'jñā' (to know) with upasargas 'sam-' and 'ā-' and suffix '-ya' (lumpurva karmaṇi)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the earth, the land

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of medinī

medinī - the earth, the ground, the land

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone, solitary

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, alone, unique, single

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king, O chief of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, excellent king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, best, lord (often refers to the deity Indra)
  noun (masculine)

तिष्ठसे (tiṣṭhase) - you remain, you stand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of sthā

Present Indicative

Root 'sthā', ātmanepada (middle voice), 2nd person singular

Root: sthā (class 1)

निर्जने (nirjane) - in a desolate forest (in a desolate, solitary, uninhabited (place))

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nirjana

nirjana - desolate, solitary, uninhabited, lonely

Compound type : bahuvrīhi or avyayībhāva (often used as adjective/adverb) (nis+jana)

• nis – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
• jana – people, person, individual
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'vane'

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove