महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-12, verse-45

धर्मराजपुरोगास्तु भीमसेनमुखा रथाः ।
न जहुः समरे शूरं शल्यमाहवशोभिनम् ॥४५॥

45. dharmarājapurogāstu bhīmasenamukhā rathāḥ ,
na jahuḥ samare śūraṁ śalyamāhavaśobhinam.

45. dharmarājapurogāḥ tu bhīmasenamukhāḥ rathāḥ
na jahuḥ samare śūram śalyam āhavśobhinam

45. tu dharmarājapurogāḥ bhīmasenamukhāḥ rathāḥ
samare śūram āhavśobhinam śalyam na jahuḥ

45. But indeed, the chariot warriors (rathāḥ) led by King Yudhiṣṭhira (dharmarājapurogāḥ) and with Bhīmasena prominent among them, did not abandon the brave Shalya, who shone brightly in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मराजपुरोगाः (dharmarājapurogāḥ) - with King Yudhiṣṭhira at the forefront, led by King Yudhiṣṭhira

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• भीमसेनमुखाः (bhīmasenamukhāḥ) - with Bhīmasena as the foremost, led by Bhīmasena

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariot warriors, chariots

• न (na) - not, no

• जहुः (jahuḥ) - they abandoned, they left, they gave up

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• शूरम् (śūram) - the brave Shalya (the brave one, the hero)

• शल्यम् (śalyam) - Shalya

• आहव्शोभिनम् (āhavśobhinam) - Shalya, who shone brightly in battle (one who shines in battle)

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मराजपुरोगाः (dharmarājapurogāḥ) - with King Yudhiṣṭhira at the forefront, led by King Yudhiṣṭhira

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmarājapuroga

dharmarājapuroga - having King Yudhiṣṭhira at the front; led by King Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharmarāja+puroga)

• dharmarāja – King of righteousness (dharma), Yudhiṣṭhira
  proper noun (masculine)
• puroga – going before, preceding, leader, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from puras (before) and √gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rathāḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

भीमसेनमुखाः (bhīmasenamukhāḥ) - with Bhīmasena as the foremost, led by Bhīmasena

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīmasenamukha

bhīmasenamukha - having Bhīmasena as the face/chief; led by Bhīmasena

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīmasena+mukha)

• bhīmasena – Bhīmasena (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, forefront, chief
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'rathāḥ'.

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariot warriors, chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, warrior (especially one who fights from a chariot)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जहुः (jahuḥ) - they abandoned, they left, they gave up

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of hā

Root: hā (class 3)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

Derived from saṃ- and √mṛ (to die), or √smṛ (to remember).

शूरम् (śūram) - the brave Shalya (the brave one, the hero)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, heroic, a hero, warrior

Note: Qualifies 'śalyam'.

शल्यम् (śalyam) - Shalya

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (name of the king of Madras), dart, spear, thorn

आहव्शोभिनम् (āhavśobhinam) - Shalya, who shone brightly in battle (one who shines in battle)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āhavśobhin

āhavśobhin - shining in battle, gracing the battle

Compound type : tatpurusha (āhava+śobhin)

• āhava – battle, war, conflict
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ā-√hve (to call to battle).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hve (class 1)
• śobhin – shining, beautiful, splendid, radiant
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from √śubh (to shine, be beautiful) with the ṇin suffix.
  Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śalyam'.