महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-12, verse-38

ततः कनकपुङ्खां तां शल्यक्षिप्तां वियद्गताम् ।
शरवृष्टिमपश्याम शलभानामिवाततिम् ॥३८॥

38. tataḥ kanakapuṅkhāṁ tāṁ śalyakṣiptāṁ viyadgatām ,
śaravṛṣṭimapaśyāma śalabhānāmivātatim.

38. tataḥ kanakapuṅkhām tām śalyakṣiptām viyat
gatām śaravṛṣṭim apaśyāma śalabhānām iva ātatim

38. tataḥ śalyakṣiptām kanakapuṅkhām viyatgatām
tām śaravṛṣṭim śalabhānām iva ātatim apaśyāma

38. Then we saw that rain of gold-feathered arrows, launched by Śalya and rising into the sky, resembling a multitude of locusts.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence) (then, thereafter, from that)

• कनकपुङ्खाम् (kanakapuṅkhām) - gold-feathered (describing arrows) (gold-feathered, having gold-tipped shafts)

• ताम् (tām) - that (referring to the rain of arrows) (that, her, it)

• शल्यक्षिप्ताम् (śalyakṣiptām) - launched by Śalya (thrown by Śalya)

• वियत् (viyat) - sky (sky, atmosphere)

• गताम् (gatām) - rising, gone into (the sky) (gone, reached, moved)

• शरवृष्टिम् (śaravṛṣṭim) - rain of arrows

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we saw (we saw, we beheld)

• शलभानाम् (śalabhānām) - of locusts (of locusts, of grasshoppers)

• इव (iva) - like (for comparison) (like, as, as if)

• आततिम् (ātatim) - multitude, swarm (multitude, swarm, continuous line)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence) (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

कनकपुङ्खाम् (kanakapuṅkhām) - gold-feathered (describing arrows) (gold-feathered, having gold-tipped shafts)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kanakapuṅkha

kanakapuṅkha - gold-feathered, having gold-tipped shafts

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kanaka+puṅkha)

• kanaka – gold
  noun (neuter)
• puṅkha – feather, shaft-end of an arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used as an adjective agreeing with śaravṛṣṭim.

ताम् (tām) - that (referring to the rain of arrows) (that, her, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, she, he

शल्यक्षिप्ताम् (śalyakṣiptām) - launched by Śalya (thrown by Śalya)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śalyakṣipta

śalyakṣipta - thrown by Śalya

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṣip (to throw) with the agent Śalya.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śalya+kṣipta)

• śalya – Śalya (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṣipta – thrown, cast
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṣip (to throw, cast).
  Root: kṣip (class 6)

वियत् (viyat) - sky (sky, atmosphere)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of viyat

viyat - sky, atmosphere, ether

Note: Used in compound 'viyadgatām'.

गताम् (gatām) - rising, gone into (the sky) (gone, reached, moved)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, departed, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go, move).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śaravṛṣṭim. When combined with 'viyat' it forms 'viyadgatām'.

शरवृष्टिम् (śaravṛṣṭim) - rain of arrows

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śaravṛṣṭi

śaravṛṣṭi - rain of arrows, shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+vṛṣṭi)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• vṛṣṭi – rain, shower
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root vṛṣ (to rain).
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'apaśyāma'.

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we saw (we saw, we beheld)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Tense, Active Voice

L-form laṅ, 1st person plural.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

शलभानाम् (śalabhānām) - of locusts (of locusts, of grasshoppers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śalabha

śalabha - locust, grasshopper

Note: Possessive case, indicating 'swarm of locusts'.

इव (iva) - like (for comparison) (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

आततिम् (ātatim) - multitude, swarm (multitude, swarm, continuous line)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ātati

ātati - multitude, swarm, continuous line, extent, range

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Object of comparison with śaravṛṣṭim.