महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-12, verse-42

मद्रराजेन बलिना लाघवाच्छरवृष्टिभिः ।
लोड्यमानं तथा दृष्ट्वा पाण्डवानां बलार्णवम् ।
विस्मयं परमं जग्मुर्देवगन्धर्वदानवाः ॥४२॥

42. madrarājena balinā lāghavāccharavṛṣṭibhiḥ ,
loḍyamānaṁ tathā dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavānāṁ balārṇavam ,
vismayaṁ paramaṁ jagmurdevagandharvadānavāḥ.

42. madrarājena balinā lāghavāt
śaravṛṣṭibhiḥ loḍyamānam tathā dṛṣṭvā
pāṇḍavānām balārṇavam vismayam
paramam jagmuḥ devagandharvadānavāḥ

42. devagandharvadānavāḥ balinā
madrarājena lāghavāt śaravṛṣṭibhiḥ
pāṇḍavānām balārṇavam tathā loḍyamānam
dṛṣṭvā paramam vismayam jagmuḥ

42. Seeing the Pāṇḍavas' vast army (balārṇavam) being tormented by the powerful king of Madras (madrarājena) with agile showers of arrows, the gods, Gandharvas, and Dānavas were struck with great astonishment.

Words meanings summery:

• मद्रराजेन (madrarājena) - by the king of Madras

• बलिना (balinā) - by the powerful, by the strong one

• लाघवात् (lāghavāt) - from agility, due to swiftness

• शरवृष्टिभिः (śaravṛṣṭibhiḥ) - with showers of arrows

• लोड्यमानम् (loḍyamānam) - being agitated, being troubled, being stirred

• तथा (tathā) - thus, similarly, in that manner

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• बलार्णवम् (balārṇavam) - ocean of army, vast army

• विस्मयम् (vismayam) - wonder, astonishment, surprise

• परमम् (paramam) - great, supreme, highest

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they attained, they went

• देवगन्धर्वदानवाः (devagandharvadānavāḥ) - gods, Gandharvas, and Dānavas

Words meanings and morphology

मद्रराजेन (madrarājena) - by the king of Madras

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras

Compound type : tatpurusha (madra+rājan)

• madra – the country of Madra; a king of Madra
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

बलिना (balinā) - by the powerful, by the strong one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty

Derived from 'bala' (strength) with the 'in' suffix.

लाघवात् (lāghavāt) - from agility, due to swiftness

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of lāghava

lāghava - lightness, quickness, agility, swiftness

शरवृष्टिभिः (śaravṛṣṭibhiḥ) - with showers of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of śaravṛṣṭi

śaravṛṣṭi - shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+vṛṣṭi)

• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
• vṛṣṭi – rain, shower
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from √vṛṣ (to rain).
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

लोड्यमानम् (loḍyamānam) - being agitated, being troubled, being stirred

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of loḍyamāna

loḍyamāna - being agitated, being disturbed, being stirred

Present Passive Participle

Derived from √luḍ (to agitate, to stir) with the śānac suffix, indicating a present passive state.

Root: luḍ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'balārṇavam'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, similarly, in that manner

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from √dṛś (to see) with the ktvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

बलार्णवम् (balārṇavam) - ocean of army, vast army

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of balārṇava

balārṇava - ocean of army, vast army

Compound type : tatpurusha (bala+arṇava)

• bala – strength, power, army
  noun (neuter)
• arṇava – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

विस्मयम् (vismayam) - wonder, astonishment, surprise

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vismaya

vismaya - wonder, astonishment, surprise

Derived from vi-√smi (to wonder, be astonished).

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

परमम् (paramam) - great, supreme, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, ultimate, excellent, great

Note: Qualifies 'vismayam'.

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they attained, they went

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

देवगन्धर्वदानवाः (devagandharvadānavāḥ) - gods, Gandharvas, and Dānavas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of devagandharvadānava

devagandharvadānava - gods, Gandharvas, and Dānavas (celestial beings and demons)

Compound type : dvandva (deva+gandharva+dānava)

• deva – god, deity, celestial being
  noun (masculine)
• gandharva – Gandharva (a class of celestial musicians and dancers)
  noun (masculine)
• dānava – Dānava (a class of demons, sons of Danu)
  noun (masculine)