महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-12, verse-36

ततः सरथनागाश्वाः पाण्डवाः पाण्डुपूर्वज ।
मद्रेश्वरं समासेदुः पीडयन्तः समन्ततः ॥३६॥

36. tataḥ sarathanāgāśvāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ pāṇḍupūrvaja ,
madreśvaraṁ samāseduḥ pīḍayantaḥ samantataḥ.

36. tataḥ sarathanāgāśvāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ pāṇḍupūrvaja
madreśvaraṃ samāseduḥ pīḍayantaḥ samantataḥ

36. pāṇḍupūrvaja tataḥ sarathanāgāśvāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ
madreśvaraṃ samantataḥ pīḍayantaḥ samāseduḥ

36. Then, O elder of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas, with their chariots, elephants, and horses, approached the king of Madra (Madreśvara), pressing him from all sides.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• सरथनागाश्वाः (sarathanāgāśvāḥ) - with chariots, elephants, and horses

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, sons of Pāṇḍu

• पाण्डुपूर्वज (pāṇḍupūrvaja) - Vocative, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who was older than his brother Pāṇḍu. (O elder of Pāṇḍu)

• मद्रेश्वरं (madreśvaraṁ) - Refers to Śalya, king of Madra. (to the lord of Madra, king of Madra)

• समासेदुः (samāseduḥ) - approached, reached

• पीडयन्तः (pīḍayantaḥ) - harassing, oppressing, afflicting

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around, everywhere

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

सरथनागाश्वाः (sarathanāgāśvāḥ) - with chariots, elephants, and horses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarathanāgāśva

sarathanāgāśva - accompanied by chariots, elephants, and horses

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+ratha+nāga+aśva)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• nāga – elephant, serpent
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies pāṇḍavāḥ.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, sons of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पाण्डुपूर्वज (pāṇḍupūrvaja) - Vocative, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who was older than his brother Pāṇḍu. (O elder of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍupūrvaja

pāṇḍupūrvaja - elder brother of Pāṇḍu, born before Pāṇḍu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+pūrvaja)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pūrvaja – elder brother, born before
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: puras
  Root: jan (class 1)

मद्रेश्वरं (madreśvaraṁ) - Refers to Śalya, king of Madra. (to the lord of Madra, king of Madra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madreśvara

madreśvara - lord of Madra, king of Madra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+īśvara)

• madra – Madra (name of a country/people)
  proper noun (neuter)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Object of samāseduḥ.

समासेदुः (samāseduḥ) - approached, reached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of samāsad

Perfect tense

3rd person plural active perfect of sam-ā-√sad.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: The base is āsad with prefix sam.

पीडयन्तः (pīḍayantaḥ) - harassing, oppressing, afflicting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pīḍayat

pīḍayat - harassing, oppressing, causing pain

Present Active Participle

Present participle of √pīḍ (to oppress, afflict).

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies pāṇḍavāḥ, acting as a co-occurrent action.

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around, everywhere

(indeclinable)

Derived from samanta (all-sided) with the suffix -tas.