महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-12, verse-43

स तु तान्सर्वतो यत्ताञ्शरैः संपीड्य मारिष ।
धर्मराजमवच्छाद्य सिंहवद्व्यनदन्मुहुः ॥४३॥

43. sa tu tānsarvato yattāñśaraiḥ saṁpīḍya māriṣa ,
dharmarājamavacchādya siṁhavadvyanadanmuhuḥ.

43. sa tu tān sarvataḥ yattān śaraiḥ saṃpīḍya māriṣa
dharmarājam avacchādya siṃhavat vyanadat muhuḥ

43. māriṣa sa tu śaraiḥ sarvataḥ yattān tān saṃpīḍya
dharmarājam avacchādya siṃhavat muhuḥ vyanadat

43. O honorable one (māriṣa), he (Shalya) indeed, having tormented those striving warriors from all sides with arrows, and having enveloped King Yudhiṣṭhira (dharmarājam), repeatedly roared like a lion.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - He (referring to Shalya, the king of Madras) (he)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तान् (tān) - the Pāṇḍava warriors (them)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere, on all sides

• यत्तान् (yattān) - the striving Pāṇḍava warriors (striving, prepared, engaged)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• संपीड्य (saṁpīḍya) - having tormented, having afflicted, having pressed

• मारिष (māriṣa) - Addressed to a respected listener/narratee in a discourse. (O honorable one, O revered one)

• धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - King Yudhiṣṭhira

• अवच्छाद्य (avacchādya) - having covered, having enveloped, having concealed

• सिंहवत् (siṁhavat) - like a lion, lion-like

• व्यनदत् (vyanadat) - he roared, he shouted

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again, frequently

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - He (referring to Shalya, the king of Madras) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - the Pāṇḍava warriors (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere, on all sides

(indeclinable)

यत्तान् (yattān) - the striving Pāṇḍava warriors (striving, prepared, engaged)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yatta

yatta - striving, prepared, ready, active, engaged

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √yat (to strive, endeavor) with the kta suffix.

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tān' (them).

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

संपीड्य (saṁpīḍya) - having tormented, having afflicted, having pressed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from the root √pīḍ (to oppress, vex) with the prefix saṃ- (together, completely) and the lyap suffix (indicating a prior action).

Prefix: saṃ

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

मारिष (māriṣa) - Addressed to a respected listener/narratee in a discourse. (O honorable one, O revered one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - honorable man, respected person

धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - King Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - King of righteousness (dharma), a title of Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, virtue, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

अवच्छाद्य (avacchādya) - having covered, having enveloped, having concealed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from the root √chad (to cover) or causative √chād with the prefix ava- and the lyap suffix.

Prefix: ava

Root: chad (class 10)

सिंहवत् (siṁhavat) - like a lion, lion-like

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'siṃha' (lion) with the 'vat' suffix indicating similarity.

व्यनदत् (vyanadat) - he roared, he shouted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of nad

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again, frequently

(indeclinable)