महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-12, verse-44

ते छन्नाः समरे तेन पाण्डवानां महारथाः ।
न शेकुस्तं तदा युद्धे प्रत्युद्यातुं महारथम् ॥४४॥

44. te channāḥ samare tena pāṇḍavānāṁ mahārathāḥ ,
na śekustaṁ tadā yuddhe pratyudyātuṁ mahāratham.

44. te channāḥ samare tena pāṇḍavānām mahārathāḥ na
śekuḥ tam tadā yuddhe pratyudyātum mahāratham

44. samare tena channāḥ te pāṇḍavānām mahārathāḥ
tadā yuddhe tam mahāratham pratyudyātum na śekuḥ

44. Covered by him (Shalya) in battle, those great chariot warriors (mahārathāḥ) of the Pāṇḍavas were then unable to advance against that great chariot warrior (mahāratham) in the fight.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those Pāṇḍava great chariot warriors (those)

• छन्नाः (channāḥ) - covered, enveloped, concealed

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• तेन (tena) - by Shalya (the king of Madras) (by him)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot warriors, leading warriors

• न (na) - not, no

• शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able

• तम् (tam) - him (Shalya) (him)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in the fight

• प्रत्युद्यातुम् (pratyudyātum) - to advance against, to counter-attack

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - the great chariot warrior Shalya (the great chariot warrior)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those Pāṇḍava great chariot warriors (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

छन्नाः (channāḥ) - covered, enveloped, concealed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of channa

channa - covered, enveloped, hidden, concealed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √chad (to cover) with the kta suffix.

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'mahārathāḥ'.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

तेन (tena) - by Shalya (the king of Madras) (by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot warriors, leading warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great chariot warrior, a leading warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ratha)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (especially one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of śak

Root: śak (class 5)

तम् (tam) - him (Shalya) (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle of √yudh used as a noun.

Root: yudh (class 4)

प्रत्युद्यातुम् (pratyudyātum) - to advance against, to counter-attack

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from the root √yā (to go) with prefixes prati- (against) and ud- (up, forth) and the tumun suffix for infinitive.

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

महारथम् (mahāratham) - the great chariot warrior Shalya (the great chariot warrior)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great chariot warrior, a leading warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ratha)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (especially one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)