महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-89, verse-41

द्रोणो हि बलवाञ्शूरः कृतास्त्रो दृढविक्रमः ।
पाञ्चालास्तं महेष्वासं प्रत्ययुध्यन्कथं रणे ॥४१॥

41. droṇo hi balavāñśūraḥ kṛtāstro dṛḍhavikramaḥ ,
pāñcālāstaṁ maheṣvāsaṁ pratyayudhyankathaṁ raṇe.

41. droṇaḥ hi balavān śūraḥ kṛtāstraḥ dṛḍhavikramaḥ
pāñcālāḥ tam mahāiṣvāsam pratyayudhyan katham raṇe

41. hi droṇaḥ balavān śūraḥ kṛtāstraḥ dṛḍhavikramaḥ
pāñcālāḥ tam mahāiṣvāsam raṇe katham pratyayudhyan

41. Droṇa, indeed, is powerful, valorous, accomplished in the use of weapons, and of firm prowess. How then did the Pañcālas fight against that great archer in battle?

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Preceptor Droṇa (Droṇa)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• बलवान् (balavān) - very powerful (powerful, strong)

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - valorous (heroic, brave, a warrior)

• कृतास्त्रः (kṛtāstraḥ) - accomplished in the use of weapons (skilled in weapons, accomplished in missiles)

• दृढविक्रमः (dṛḍhavikramaḥ) - of firm prowess (of firm prowess, resolute in valor)

• पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Pañcāla warriors (the Pañcālas (a tribe/kingdom))

• तम् (tam) - him (Droṇa) (him, that)

• महाइष्वासम् (mahāiṣvāsam) - that great archer (Droṇa) (great archer)

• प्रत्ययुध्यन् (pratyayudhyan) - they fought against (they fought against, resisted)

• कथम् (katham) - how? (how? in what manner?)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Preceptor Droṇa (Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - name of a preceptor and warrior in the Mahābhārata

Note: Subject of implied verb 'to be'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

बलवान् (balavān) - very powerful (powerful, strong)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - powerful, strong, mighty

Possessive suffix -vat

Note: Agrees with 'Droṇaḥ'.

शूरः (śūraḥ) - valorous (heroic, brave, a warrior)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - heroic, brave, a warrior, hero

Note: Agrees with 'Droṇaḥ'.

कृतास्त्रः (kṛtāstraḥ) - accomplished in the use of weapons (skilled in weapons, accomplished in missiles)

(compound)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+astra)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• astra – missile, weapon, dart
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'Droṇaḥ'.

दृढविक्रमः (dṛḍhavikramaḥ) - of firm prowess (of firm prowess, resolute in valor)

(compound)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dṛḍha+vikrama)

• dṛḍha – firm, strong, hard, resolute
  adjective (neuter)
• vikrama – prowess, valor, heroism, stride
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Droṇaḥ'.

पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Pañcāla warriors (the Pañcālas (a tribe/kingdom))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a king or people of the Pañcāla country

Derived from Pañcāla (name of a country/tribe)

Note: Subject of 'pratyayudhyan'.

तम् (tam) - him (Droṇa) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'pratyayudhyan'.

महाइष्वासम् (mahāiṣvāsam) - that great archer (Droṇa) (great archer)

(compound)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• iṣvāsa – a bow, an archer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' and refers to Droṇa.

प्रत्ययुध्यन् (pratyayudhyan) - they fought against (they fought against, resisted)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pratyayudh

Imperfect

Root yudh (to fight) with upasarga prati- and prefix aya.

Prefix: prati

Root: yudh (class 4)

कथम् (katham) - how? (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

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