महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-89, verse-28

सात्यकिं च रणे दृष्ट्वा प्रविशन्तमभीतवत् ।
किं नु दुर्योधनः कृत्यं प्राप्तकालममन्यत ॥२८॥

28. sātyakiṁ ca raṇe dṛṣṭvā praviśantamabhītavat ,
kiṁ nu duryodhanaḥ kṛtyaṁ prāptakālamamanyata.

28. sātyakim ca raṇe dṛṣṭvā praviśantam abhītavat
kim nu duryodhanaḥ kṛtyam prāptakālam amanyata

28. ca raṇe abhītavat praviśantam sātyakim dṛṣṭvā
nu duryodhanaḥ kim prāptakālam kṛtyam amanyata

28. And when (my son) Duryodhana saw Satyaki entering the battle fearlessly, what did he then consider to be the appropriate action?

Words meanings summery:

• सात्यकिम् (sātyakim) - Satyaki

• च (ca) - and, also

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• प्रविशन्तम् (praviśantam) - entering, advancing

• अभीतवत् (abhītavat) - fearlessly, like one without fear

• किम् (kim) - what

• नु (nu) - then (indeed, then, now, particle of interrogation)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - action, duty, what is to be done

• प्राप्तकालम् (prāptakālam) - timely, appropriate, seasonable

• अमन्यत (amanyata) - considered, thought, believed

Words meanings and morphology

सात्यकिम् (sātyakim) - Satyaki

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Satyaki (a Yādava warrior)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, conflict, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

from √dṛś + -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

प्रविशन्तम् (praviśantam) - entering, advancing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praviśant

praviśant - entering

present active participle

from pra + √viś

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with Sātyakim.

अभीतवत् (abhītavat) - fearlessly, like one without fear

(indeclinable)

from abhīta + -vat

Note: Acts as an adverb. Compound abhīta (not afraid) + suffix -vat (like, similar to).

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

नु (nu) - then (indeed, then, now, particle of interrogation)

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (son of Dhritarashtra)

Note: The subject of amanyata.

कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - action, duty, what is to be done

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛtya

kṛtya - to be done, duty, action, work

Gerundive

from √kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Acts as the object of amanyata.

प्राप्तकालम् (prāptakālam) - timely, appropriate, seasonable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prāptakāla

prāptakāla - whose time has come, timely, seasonable, appropriate

Compound type : bahuvrihi (prāpta+kāla)

• prāpta – obtained, reached, arrived
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from pra + √āp
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)
• kāla – time, season, opportunity
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with kṛtyam.

अमन्यत (amanyata) - considered, thought, believed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of man

Imperfect, Middle Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Root: man (class 4)

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