महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-89, verse-18

किं तदा कुरवः कृत्यं विदधुः कालचोदिताः ।
दारुणैकायने काले कथं वा प्रतिपेदिरे ॥१८॥

18. kiṁ tadā kuravaḥ kṛtyaṁ vidadhuḥ kālacoditāḥ ,
dāruṇaikāyane kāle kathaṁ vā pratipedire.

18. kim tadā kuravaḥ kṛtyam vidadhuḥ kāla-coditāḥ
| dāruṇa-eka-ayane kāle katham vā pratipedire

18. tadā kāla-coditāḥ kuravaḥ kim kṛtyam vidadhuḥ
vā dāruṇa-eka-ayane kāle katham pratipedire

18. What action then did the Kauravas, impelled by time (fate), perform in that terrible, decisive moment? Or how did they react?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, which, why

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kauravas

• कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - deed, action, what is to be done

• विदधुः (vidadhuḥ) - they did, they performed

• काल-चोदिताः (kāla-coditāḥ) - impelled by time/fate

• दारुण-एक-अयने (dāruṇa-eka-ayane) - in the terrible and decisive

• काले (kāle) - in time, at the moment

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• वा (vā) - or, either

• प्रतिपेदिरे (pratipedire) - they responded, they behaved, they attained

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, which, why

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Used as an interrogative adjective for 'kṛtyam'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a descendant of Kuru, the Kauravas

कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - deed, action, what is to be done

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛtya

kṛtya - deed, action, duty, what is to be done

Gerundive

Derived from root kṛ- with suffix -tya (gerundive/potential passive participle)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Here used as a noun meaning 'action/deed'.

विदधुः (vidadhuḥ) - they did, they performed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of dhā

perfect active

Derived from root dhā- with upasarga vi-, perfect 3rd plural active

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: From vi-dhā.

काल-चोदिताः (kāla-coditāḥ) - impelled by time/fate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāla-codita

kāla-codita - impelled by time or fate

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+codita)

• kāla – time, fate, destiny
  noun (masculine)
• codita – impelled, urged, commanded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root cud- with suffix -kta
  Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'kuravaḥ'.

दारुण-एक-अयने (dāruṇa-eka-ayane) - in the terrible and decisive

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa-eka-ayana

dāruṇa-eka-ayana - terrible and decisive, having one terrible course

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dāruṇa+eka-ayana)

• dāruṇa – terrible, dreadful, cruel
  adjective (masculine)
• eka-ayana – sole course, only way, decisive, unique path
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective for 'kāle'.

काले (kāle) - in time, at the moment

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, moment

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

प्रतिपेदिरे (pratipedire) - they responded, they behaved, they attained

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past perfect (lit) of pad

perfect middle

Derived from root pad- with upasarga prati-, perfect 3rd plural middle

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: From prati-pad.