महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-121, verse-45

ततः प्रववृते राजन्नस्तं गच्छति भास्करे ।
द्रोणस्य सोमकैः सार्धं संग्रामो लोमहर्षणः ॥४५॥

45. tataḥ pravavṛte rājannastaṁ gacchati bhāskare ,
droṇasya somakaiḥ sārdhaṁ saṁgrāmo lomaharṣaṇaḥ.

45. tataḥ pravavṛte rājan astam gacchanti bhāskare
droṇasya somakaiḥ sārdham saṅgrāmaḥ lomaharṣaṇaḥ

45. rājan tataḥ bhāskare astam gacchanti droṇasya
somakaiḥ sārdham lomaharṣaṇaḥ saṅgrāmaḥ pravavṛte

45. Then, O King, as the sun was setting, a hair-raising battle ensued between Drona and the Somakas.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter)

• प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - ensued (it began, it ensued, it occurred)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• अस्तम् (astam) - to setting (to setting, to disappearance)

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - going (towards setting) (going, moving, approaching)

• भास्करे (bhāskare) - in the sun (referring to the sun itself) (in/on the sun)

• द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - Drona's (of Drona, Drona's)

• सोमकैः (somakaiḥ) - with the Somakas (with the Somakas (a tribe/clan allied with the Pandavas))

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - with (with, together with)

• सङ्ग्रामः (saṅgrāmaḥ) - battle (battle, war, combat)

• लोमहर्षणः (lomaharṣaṇaḥ) - hair-raising (hair-raising, thrilling, dreadful)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - ensued (it began, it ensued, it occurred)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of pra-vṛt

Perfect, Middle Voice

Root 'vṛt' with upasarga 'pra', 3rd person singular, perfect tense, middle voice.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

अस्तम् (astam) - to setting (to setting, to disappearance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asta

asta - setting, disappearance, home, west

Note: Often used with 'gam' (to go) meaning 'to set' (of the sun).

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - going (towards setting) (going, moving, approaching)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gacchat

gacchat - going, moving

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of the root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'bhāskare'.

भास्करे (bhāskare) - in the sun (referring to the sun itself) (in/on the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - sun, sun-maker, light-maker

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'gacchanti'.

द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - Drona's (of Drona, Drona's)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a character in the Mahabharata), a measure, a vessel

सोमकैः (somakaiḥ) - with the Somakas (with the Somakas (a tribe/clan allied with the Pandavas))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of somaka

somaka - name of a king or a people/clan, often allied with the Pandavas

सार्धम् (sārdham) - with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

सङ्ग्रामः (saṅgrāmaḥ) - battle (battle, war, combat)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: gram

लोमहर्षणः (lomaharṣaṇaḥ) - hair-raising (hair-raising, thrilling, dreadful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, dreadful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair, down (on the body)
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing joy, thrilling, erection
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from causative stem
  Derived from the causative stem of 'hṛṣ' (to be glad, excited).
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)