महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-121, verse-24

सोऽयं तप्यति तेजस्वी तपो घोरं दुरासदम् ।
समन्तपञ्चकादस्माद्बहिर्वानरकेतन ॥२४॥

24. so'yaṁ tapyati tejasvī tapo ghoraṁ durāsadam ,
samantapañcakādasmādbahirvānaraketana.

24. saḥ ayam tapyati tejasvī tapaḥ ghoram durāsadam
samantapañcakāt asmāt bahiḥ vānarakeana

24. vānarakeana saḥ ayam tejasvī asmāt samantapañcakāt
bahiḥ ghoram durāsadam tapaḥ tapyati

24. O Arjuna (vānarakeana), this radiant (tejasvin) one is performing severe and unapproachable asceticism (tapas) outside of this region of Samantapañcaka.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Jayadratha) (he, that)

• अयम् (ayam) - this one (Jayadratha) (this, he)

• तप्यति (tapyati) - performs asceticism, undergoes penance

• तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - glorious one (referring to Jayadratha) (radiant, glorious, powerful)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, spiritual discipline

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, severe, dreadful

• दुरासदम् (durāsadam) - difficult to approach, insurmountable, formidable

• समन्तपञ्चकात् (samantapañcakāt) - from Samantapañcaka

• अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this

• बहिः (bahiḥ) - outside, externally

• वानरकेअन (vānarakeana) - O Arjuna (O monkey-bannered one)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Jayadratha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अयम् (ayam) - this one (Jayadratha) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

तप्यति (tapyati) - performs asceticism, undergoes penance

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tap

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Derived from root tap (1st class, intransitive in this sense of performing penance).

तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - glorious one (referring to Jayadratha) (radiant, glorious, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tejasvin

tejasvin - radiant, glorious, powerful, spirited

From tejas (radiance, glory) + -vin (possessive suffix)

Note: Declined as a masculine nominative singular adjective, agreeing with 'saḥ ayam'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, spiritual discipline

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, spiritual discipline, heat

Note: Object of the verb `tapyati`.

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, severe, dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, severe, dreadful, fierce

Note: Agrees with `tapaḥ`.

दुरासदम् (durāsadam) - difficult to approach, insurmountable, formidable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of durāsada

durāsada - difficult to approach, insurmountable, formidable

Compound: dur- (difficult) + āsada (approachable, from ā- √sad)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+āsada)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  indeclinable
• āsada – approachable, attainable
  adjective (neuter)
  From ā- √sad (to sit, approach)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `tapaḥ`.

समन्तपञ्चकात् (samantapañcakāt) - from Samantapañcaka

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of samantapañcaka

samantapañcaka - Samantapañcaka (a holy place, site of the Kurukshetra war)

Note: Indicates origin or separation 'from' this place.

अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with `samantapañcakāt`.

बहिः (bahiḥ) - outside, externally

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the ablative `samantapañcakāt`.

वानरकेअन (vānarakeana) - O Arjuna (O monkey-bannered one)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vānarakeana

vānarakeana - one whose banner bears the emblem of a monkey, Arjuna

Compound: vānara (monkey) + ketana (banner)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vānara+ketana)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• ketana – banner, flag
  noun (neuter)

Note: Addressed to Arjuna.