महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-121, verse-15

एतस्मिन्नेव काले तु द्रुतं गच्छति भास्करे ।
अब्रवीत्पाण्डवं तत्र त्वरमाणो जनार्दनः ॥१५॥

15. etasminneva kāle tu drutaṁ gacchati bhāskare ,
abravītpāṇḍavaṁ tatra tvaramāṇo janārdanaḥ.

15. etasmin eva kāle tu drutaṃ gacchati bhāskare
abravīt pāṇḍavaṃ tatra tvaramāṇaḥ janārdanaḥ

15. tu etasmin eva kāle bhāskare drutaṃ gacchati (sati),
tatra tvaramāṇaḥ janārdanaḥ pāṇḍavaṃ abravīt.

15. At that very moment, as the sun was swiftly setting, Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa), in great haste, spoke to Arjuna.

Words meanings summery:

• एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - in this

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, precisely

• काले (kāle) - in time, at the time

• तु (tu) - but, and, however

• द्रुतं (drutaṁ) - swiftly, quickly

• गच्छति (gacchati) - going, moving

• भास्करे (bhāskare) - in the sun, of the sun

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• पाण्डवं (pāṇḍavaṁ) - to Arjuna (to the Pāṇḍava)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, then

• त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - hurrying, hastening

• जनार्दनः (janārdanaḥ) - Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa)

Words meanings and morphology

एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'kāle'.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, precisely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'etasmin kāle'.

काले (kāle) - in time, at the time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period

तु (tu) - but, and, however

(indeclinable)

द्रुतं (drutaṁ) - swiftly, quickly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (used adverbially)

Derived from root √dru (to run, to flow) with kta suffix. Used here as an adverb.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying 'gacchati'.

गच्छति (gacchati) - going, moving

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gacchat

gacchat - going, moving

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √gam (to go) with the present participle suffix -śatṛ. Inflected for locative singular.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction 'bhāskare drutaṃ gacchati' (when the sun is swiftly going).

भास्करे (bhāskare) - in the sun, of the sun

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - sun, sun-maker

Compound of bhās (light) + kara (maker).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (bhās+kara)

• bhās – light, splendor
  noun (feminine)
• kara – maker, doer, hand
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √kṛ (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction 'bhāskare drutaṃ gacchati' (when the sun is swiftly going/setting).

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect 3rd person singular active parasmaipada.

Root: brū (class 2)

पाण्डवं (pāṇḍavaṁ) - to Arjuna (to the Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu (Arjuna)

Derived from Pāṇḍu + aṇ suffix.

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

तत्र (tatra) - there, then

(indeclinable)

त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - hurrying, hastening

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hurrying, hastening, being quick

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root √tvar (to hurry) with the middle voice present participle suffix -māna.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'janārdanaḥ'.

जनार्दनः (janārdanaḥ) - Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - Janārdana (a name of Kṛṣṇa, meaning 'agitator of men' or 'punisher of evil men')

Derived from jana (men) + ardana (agitator/punisher).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+ardana)

• jana – people, men
  noun (masculine)
• ardana – agitating, tormenting, punishing
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  Derived from root √ṛd (to trouble, torment).
  Root: ṛd (class 1)