महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-121, verse-10

सैन्धवस्तु तथा विद्धः शरैर्गाण्डीवधन्वना ।
न चक्षमे सुसंक्रुद्धस्तोत्त्रार्दित इव द्विपः ॥१०॥

10. saindhavastu tathā viddhaḥ śarairgāṇḍīvadhanvanā ,
na cakṣame susaṁkruddhastottrārdita iva dvipaḥ.

10. saindhavaḥ tu tathā viddhaḥ śaraiḥ gāṇḍīvadhanvanā
na cakṣame susaṃkruddhaḥ tottraarditaḥ iva dvipaḥ

10. tu tathā gāṇḍīvadhanvanā śaraiḥ viddhaḥ saindhavaḥ
susaṃkruddhaḥ tottraarditaḥ iva dvipaḥ na cakṣame

10. But Saindhava, thus pierced by the arrows of the wielder of the Gandiva bow (Arjuna), became exceedingly enraged and could not endure it, like an elephant tormented by a goad.

Words meanings summery:

• सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - Jayadratha (king of Sindhu, Jayadratha)

• तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - pierced (pierced, struck, wounded)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• गाण्डीवधन्वना (gāṇḍīvadhanvanā) - by the wielder of the (bow named) Gandiva (Arjuna) (by the wielder of the Gandiva bow)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• चक्षमे (cakṣame) - could not endure (it) (endured, tolerated, was able to)

• सुसंक्रुद्धः (susaṁkruddhaḥ) - exceedingly enraged (greatly enraged, exceedingly angry)

• तोत्त्रअर्दितः (tottraarditaḥ) - tormented by a goad

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if)

• द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - an elephant (elephant)

Words meanings and morphology

सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - Jayadratha (king of Sindhu, Jayadratha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - belonging to Sindhu, king of Sindhu, Jayadratha

Taddhita from Sindhu.

Note: Subject of cakṣame.

तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - pierced (pierced, struck, wounded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viddha

viddha - pierced, struck, wounded, hit

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vyadh (to pierce, strike). Irregular past passive participle form.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṝ (class 9)

Note: Agent by which Saindhava was pierced.

गाण्डीवधन्वना (gāṇḍīvadhanvanā) - by the wielder of the (bow named) Gandiva (Arjuna) (by the wielder of the Gandiva bow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gāṇḍīvadhanvan

gāṇḍīvadhanvan - having the bow Gandiva, wielder of the Gandiva bow

Bahuvrīhi compound. gāṇḍīva (name of Arjuna's bow) + dhanvan (bow, archer).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gāṇḍīva+dhanvan)

• gāṇḍīva – name of Arjuna's bow
  proper noun (neuter)
• dhanvan – bow, archer
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent (Arjuna) responsible for piercing.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb cakṣame.

चक्षमे (cakṣame) - could not endure (it) (endured, tolerated, was able to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active (atmanepada), past perfect (liṭ) of kṣam

Perfect (past tense)

Root kṣam (to be patient, to endure), Atmanepada, 3rd person singular. Reduplicated perfect.

Root: kṣam (class 1)

सुसंक्रुद्धः (susaṁkruddhaḥ) - exceedingly enraged (greatly enraged, exceedingly angry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of susaṃkruddha

susaṁkruddha - greatly enraged, exceedingly angry

Past Passive Participle (adjective)

Compound: su (very) + sam (intensifier) + kruddha (enraged, past passive participle of krudh).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+saṃkruddha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix.
• saṃkruddha – enraged, angry, furious
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root krudh with upasarga sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Describes Saindhava's state.

तोत्त्रअर्दितः (tottraarditaḥ) - tormented by a goad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tottraardita

tottraardita - tormented by a goad, afflicted by a prick

Past Passive Participle (adjective)

Tatpuruṣa compound. tottra (goad) + ardita (tormented, past passive participle of ard).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tottra+ardita)

• tottra – goad, prick, driving stick (for elephants)
  noun (neuter)
• ardita – tormented, afflicted, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ard (to pain, afflict).
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Part of a simile.

इव (iva) - like (like, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison.

द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - an elephant (elephant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (lit. "two-drinker" from dvi + pa)

Compound (dvi + pa).

Compound type : upapada (dvi+pa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• pa – drinking, guarding
  adjective
  From root pā (to drink/protect).
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Part of a simile.