महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-121, verse-37

तस्योत्सङ्गे निपतितं शिरस्तच्चारुकुण्डलम् ।
वृद्धक्षत्रस्य नृपतेरलक्षितमरिंदम ॥३७॥

37. tasyotsaṅge nipatitaṁ śirastaccārukuṇḍalam ,
vṛddhakṣatrasya nṛpateralakṣitamariṁdama.

37. tasya utsaṅge nipatitam śiraḥ tat cārukuṇḍalam
vṛddhakṣatrasya nṛpateḥ alakṣitam arimdam

37. arimdam tasya nṛpateḥ vṛddhakṣatrasya utsaṅge
nipatitam tat cārukuṇḍalam śiraḥ alakṣitam

37. O subduer of enemies (ariṃdama), that head, adorned with beautiful earrings, which had fallen onto the lap of King Vṛddhakṣatra, remained unnoticed by him.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (Vṛddhakṣatra) (of him, of that)

• उत्सङ्गे (utsaṅge) - onto his (Vṛddhakṣatra's) lap (on the lap, in the bosom)

• निपतितम् (nipatitam) - (that had) fallen (fallen, descended)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - the head (of Jayadratha) (head)

• तत् (tat) - that (head) (that, it)

• चारुकुण्डलम् (cārukuṇḍalam) - (the head) adorned with beautiful earrings (having beautiful earrings)

• वृद्धक्षत्रस्य (vṛddhakṣatrasya) - of Vṛddhakṣatra

• नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king (Vṛddhakṣatra) (of the king, from the king)

• अलक्षितम् (alakṣitam) - unperceived by him (unnoticed, unperceived, unobserved)

• अरिम्दम् (arimdam) - O subduer of enemies (addressed to a listener, e.g., Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O subduer of enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of him (Vṛddhakṣatra) (of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vṛddhakṣatra.

उत्सङ्गे (utsaṅge) - onto his (Vṛddhakṣatra's) lap (on the lap, in the bosom)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of utsaṅga

utsaṅga - lap, bosom, embrace, fold

निपतितम् (nipatitam) - (that had) fallen (fallen, descended)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nipatita

nipatita - fallen, descended, alighted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root `pat` (to fall) with prefix `ni` and `kta` suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'śiraḥ'.

शिरः (śiraḥ) - the head (of Jayadratha) (head)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull, summit

Note: Subject of the implied verb.

तत् (tat) - that (head) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'śiraḥ'.

चारुकुण्डलम् (cārukuṇḍalam) - (the head) adorned with beautiful earrings (having beautiful earrings)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cārukuṇḍala

cārukuṇḍala - having beautiful earrings

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (cāru+kuṇḍala)

• cāru – beautiful, lovely, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
• kuṇḍala – earring, ring
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying 'śiraḥ'.

वृद्धक्षत्रस्य (vṛddhakṣatrasya) - of Vṛddhakṣatra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vṛddhakṣatra

vṛddhakṣatra - name of a king, father of Jayadratha

नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king (Vṛddhakṣatra) (of the king, from the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, monarch

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Vṛddhakṣatra.

अलक्षितम् (alakṣitam) - unperceived by him (unnoticed, unperceived, unobserved)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of alakṣita

alakṣita - unnoticed, unperceived, unmarked

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Derived from verb root `lakṣ` (to perceive, mark) with prefix `a` (negation) and `kta` suffix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+lakṣita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• lakṣita – perceived, marked, observed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root `lakṣ` (to perceive, mark) with `kta` suffix.
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

अरिम्दम् (arimdam) - O subduer of enemies (addressed to a listener, e.g., Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O subduer of enemies)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of ariṃdama

ariṁdama - subduer of enemies, vanquisher of foes

Derived from `ari` (enemy) and root `dam` (to subdue) with the suffix `khaś`.

Compound type : upapada-samāsa (ari+dam)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dam – subduing, taming
  nominal derivative
  verbal root used as a part of a compound
  Root: dam (class 4)