महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-29, verse-49

लताधर्मा धार्तराष्ट्राः शालाः संजय पाण्डवाः ।
न लता वर्धते जातु अनाश्रित्य महाद्रुमम् ॥४९॥

49. latādharmā dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ śālāḥ saṁjaya pāṇḍavāḥ ,
na latā vardhate jātu anāśritya mahādrumam.

49. latādharmaḥ dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ śālāḥ sañjaya pāṇḍavāḥ
na latā vardhate jātu anāśritya mahādrumam

49. Sanjaya, the Dhritarashtras are like vines in their nature, while the Pandavas are like robust śāla trees. A vine indeed never grows without relying on a great tree.

Words meanings summery:

• लताधर्मः (latādharmaḥ) - The Dhritarashtras, dependent like vines. (having the nature of a creeper/vine)

• धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - The hundred sons of King Dhritarashtra, the Kauravas. (sons of Dhritarashtra, the Dhritarashtras (Kauravas))

• शालाः (śālāḥ) - Metaphorically representing the strong Pandavas. (śāla trees)

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - The charioteer and narrator, addressed directly. (O Sanjaya!)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - The five sons of Pandu, compared to śāla trees. (the Pandavas, sons of Pandu)

• न (na) - Negating the growth of a vine without support. (not, no)

• लता (latā) - The vine that cannot grow without a great tree. (creeper, vine)

• वर्धते (vardhate) - The vine grows or thrives. (grows, increases, flourishes)

• जातु (jātu) - Emphasizing that a vine never grows without support. (ever, at any time, indeed)

• अनाश्रित्य (anāśritya) - The condition under which the vine does not grow. (without relying, without depending, without resorting)

• महाद्रुमम् (mahādrumam) - The strong tree (Pandavas) that the vine (Dhritarashtras) must rely on. (a great tree)

Words meanings and morphology

लताधर्मः (latādharmaḥ) - The Dhritarashtras, dependent like vines. (having the nature of a creeper/vine)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of latādharma

latādharma - Having the nature or constitution (dharma) of a vine.

Compound noun/adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (latā+dharma)

• latā – creeper, vine
  noun (feminine)
  Root: lat (class 1)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, quality
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dhṛ (to uphold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ'.

धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - The hundred sons of King Dhritarashtra, the Kauravas. (sons of Dhritarashtra, the Dhritarashtras (Kauravas))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - Son of Dhritarashtra, descendant of Dhritarashtra.

Patronymic from Dhritarashtra.

शालाः (śālāḥ) - Metaphorically representing the strong Pandavas. (śāla trees)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śāla

śāla - The śāla tree (Shorea robusta), a large and strong tree.

Root: śāl

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - The charioteer and narrator, addressed directly. (O Sanjaya!)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (a proper noun, Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator of the Mahabharata).

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - The five sons of Pandu, compared to śāla trees. (the Pandavas, sons of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - Descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu.

Patronymic from Pandu.

न (na) - Negating the growth of a vine without support. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

लता (latā) - The vine that cannot grow without a great tree. (creeper, vine)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of latā

latā - Creeper, vine, tendril.

Root: lat (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vardhate'.

वर्धते (vardhate) - The vine grows or thrives. (grows, increases, flourishes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present Middle

Present tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular of root vṛdh (1st class).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

जातु (jātu) - Emphasizing that a vine never grows without support. (ever, at any time, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Root: jan

अनाश्रित्य (anāśritya) - The condition under which the vine does not grow. (without relying, without depending, without resorting)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root śri (to lean on) with upasarga ā, negated by an.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: The 'an' prefix negates the absolutive 'āśritya'.

महाद्रुमम् (mahādrumam) - The strong tree (Pandavas) that the vine (Dhritarashtras) must rely on. (a great tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahādruma

mahādruma - A great tree, a large tree.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+druma)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine stem of mahat (great), used in compounds.
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from dru (to run, flow, move), or root drum (to cover, enclose).
  Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Object of 'anāśritya'.