महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-29, verse-47

वनं राजा धृतराष्ट्रः सपुत्रो व्याघ्रा वने संजय पाण्डवेयाः ।
मा वनं छिन्धि सव्याघ्रं मा व्याघ्रान्नीनशो वनात् ॥४७॥

47. vanaṁ rājā dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ saputro; vyāghrā vane saṁjaya pāṇḍaveyāḥ ,
mā vanaṁ chindhi savyāghraṁ mā vyāghrānnīnaśo vanāt.

47. vanam rājā dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ saputraḥ vyāghrāḥ vane sañjaya
pāṇḍaveyāḥ mā vanam chindhi savyāghram mā vyāghrān nīnaśaḥ vanāt

47. Sanjaya, King Dhritarashtra and his sons are the forest, and the Pandavas are the tigers in that forest. Do not destroy the forest, which includes the tigers, nor should you destroy the tigers by removing them from the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• वनम् (vanam) - Metaphorically representing King Dhritarashtra and his sons. (forest, wood, grove)

• राजा (rājā) - Referring to Dhritarashtra. (king, sovereign)

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king of Hastinapura, father of the Kauravas. (Dhritarashtra)

• सपुत्रः (saputraḥ) - Dhritarashtra along with his sons (the Kauravas). (with sons, accompanied by sons)

• व्याघ्राः (vyāghrāḥ) - Metaphorically representing the Pandavas. (tigers)

• वने (vane) - In the forest, which represents Dhritarashtra and his sons. (in the forest)

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - The charioteer and narrator, addressed directly. (O Sanjaya!)

• पाण्डवेयाः (pāṇḍaveyāḥ) - The five sons of Pandu, metaphorically represented as tigers. (sons of Pandu, the Pandavas)

• मा (mā) - Negative particle used with imperative. (do not, lest)

• वनम् (vanam) - The forest, representing Dhritarashtra and his sons. (forest, wood, grove)

• छिन्धि (chindhi) - Do not cut down the metaphorical forest. (cut, cleave, destroy)

• सव्याघ्रम् (savyāghram) - Describing the forest as containing the Pandavas (tigers). (with tigers, containing tigers)

• मा (mā) - Negative particle used with imperative. (do not, lest)

• व्याघ्रान् (vyāghrān) - The Pandavas, who are the objects of destruction. (tigers)

• नीनशः (nīnaśaḥ) - Do not cause the tigers (Pandavas) to perish or be lost. (destroy, cause to perish, lose)

• वनात् (vanāt) - From the metaphorical forest (Dhritarashtra and his sons). (from the forest)

Words meanings and morphology

वनम् (vanam) - Metaphorically representing King Dhritarashtra and his sons. (forest, wood, grove)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - Forest, wood, grove, thicket.

Root: van (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - Referring to Dhritarashtra. (king, sovereign)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - King, sovereign.

Root: rāj (class 1)

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king of Hastinapura, father of the Kauravas. (Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra; one who holds the kingdom.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, bear) + kta suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj

सपुत्रः (saputraḥ) - Dhritarashtra along with his sons (the Kauravas). (with sons, accompanied by sons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saputra

saputra - With sons, having sons, accompanied by sons.

Derived from sa- (with) + putra (son).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+putra)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  prefix
  Prepositional prefix.
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root pū (to purify) + tra (agent suffix).
  Root: pū (class 1)

व्याघ्राः (vyāghrāḥ) - Metaphorically representing the Pandavas. (tigers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyāghra

vyāghra - Tiger.

Root: ghrā (class 1)

वने (vane) - In the forest, which represents Dhritarashtra and his sons. (in the forest)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - Forest, wood, grove.

Root: van (class 1)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - The charioteer and narrator, addressed directly. (O Sanjaya!)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (a proper noun, Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator of the Mahabharata).

पाण्डवेयाः (pāṇḍaveyāḥ) - The five sons of Pandu, metaphorically represented as tigers. (sons of Pandu, the Pandavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍaveya

pāṇḍaveya - Descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu, the Pandava.

Derived from Paṇḍu with patronymic suffix -eya.

मा (mā) - Negative particle used with imperative. (do not, lest)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle used with the prohibitive imperative (luṅ or subjunctive).

वनम् (vanam) - The forest, representing Dhritarashtra and his sons. (forest, wood, grove)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - Forest, wood, grove, thicket.

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Object of 'chindhi'.

छिन्धि (chindhi) - Do not cut down the metaphorical forest. (cut, cleave, destroy)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present imperative (loṭ) of chid

Present Imperative

Root chid, 7th class, imperative second person singular active.

Root: chid (class 7)

सव्याघ्रम् (savyāghram) - Describing the forest as containing the Pandavas (tigers). (with tigers, containing tigers)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of savyāghra

savyāghra - With tigers, having tigers.

Derived from sa- (with) + vyāghra (tiger).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+vyāghra)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  prefix
  Prepositional prefix.
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Modifying 'vanam'.

मा (mā) - Negative particle used with imperative. (do not, lest)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle used with the prohibitive imperative (luṅ or subjunctive).

व्याघ्रान् (vyāghrān) - The Pandavas, who are the objects of destruction. (tigers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vyāghra

vyāghra - Tiger.

Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'nīnaśaḥ'.

नीनशः (nīnaśaḥ) - Do not cause the tigers (Pandavas) to perish or be lost. (destroy, cause to perish, lose)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, prohibitive aorist (luṅ) of naś

Aorist

2nd person singular Aorist (luṅ) form of root naś, preceded by upasarga ni, used in prohibitive constructions with mā. The prefix ni- can intensify the action or contribute to the causative sense.

Prefix: ni

Root: naś (class 4)

वनात् (vanāt) - From the metaphorical forest (Dhritarashtra and his sons). (from the forest)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - Forest, wood, grove, thicket.

Root: van (class 1)