महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-29, verse-40

जानासि त्वं संजय सर्वमेतद्द्यूतेऽवाच्यं वाक्यमेवं यथोक्तम् ।
स्वयं त्वहं प्रार्थये तत्र गन्तुं समाधातुं कार्यमेतद्विपन्नम् ॥४०॥

40. jānāsi tvaṁ saṁjaya sarvameta;ddyūte'vācyaṁ vākyamevaṁ yathoktam ,
svayaṁ tvahaṁ prārthaye tatra gantuṁ; samādhātuṁ kāryametadvipannam.

40. jānāsi tvam saṃjaya sarvam etat
dyūte avācyam vākyam evam yathoktam
svayam tu aham prārthaye tatra gantum
samādhātum kāryam etat vipannam

40. Saṃjaya, you know all this: that such words, improper to be spoken, were uttered in the dice game. Therefore, I myself desire to go there to resolve this perilous situation.

Words meanings summery:

• जानासि (jānāsi) - you know

• त्वम् (tvam) - Addressing Saṃjaya. (you)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - The charioteer and advisor to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who narrates the events of the Mahābhārata. (Saṃjaya)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - All the events of the dice game. (all, everything)

• एतत् (etat) - Referring to the previous sentence's content. (this)

• द्यूते (dyūte) - The infamous dice game. (in the dice game)

• अवाच्यम् (avācyam) - Referring to the harsh and inappropriate words spoken by Duḥśāsana. (not to be spoken, improper to say)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - The specific inappropriate statement made. (statement, speech, word)

• एवम् (evam) - In the manner it was described (harshly and improperly). (thus, in this manner)

• यथोक्तम् (yathoktam) - As the harsh words were previously spoken. (as spoken, as said)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - The speaker (Vidura) wants to go personally. (myself, by myself)

• तु (tu) - Introduces a contrast or emphasis. (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• अहम् (aham) - The speaker, Vidura. (I)

• प्रार्थये (prārthaye) - The speaker (Vidura) expresses his desire to go. (I request, I pray, I desire)

• तत्र (tatra) - To the place where the Pandavas are. (there, to that place)

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - To go to the Pandavas. (to go)

• समाधातुम् (samādhātum) - To resolve the problematic situation. (to settle, to conciliate, to rectify)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - This urgent and troubled matter. (matter, affair, task)

• एतत् (etat) - This particular ruined matter. (this)

• विपन्नम् (vipannam) - The situation has become disastrous. (ruined, fallen into trouble, spoiled)

Words meanings and morphology

जानासि (jānāsi) - you know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

present active

Present (laṭ), 2nd person singular, parasmaipada. Root jñā, 9th class.

Root: jñā (class 9)

त्वम् (tvam) - Addressing Saṃjaya. (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

संजय (saṁjaya) - The charioteer and advisor to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who narrates the events of the Mahābhārata. (Saṃjaya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (proper name), victory

सर्वम् (sarvam) - All the events of the dice game. (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Also can be nominative. Here, object of 'jānāsi'.

एतत् (etat) - Referring to the previous sentence's content. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etat

etat - this, these

Note: Agrees with `sarvam` and `vākyam`.

द्यूते (dyūte) - The infamous dice game. (in the dice game)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - dice, gambling

From div (to play dice) + kta

Root: div (class 4)

अवाच्यम् (avācyam) - Referring to the harsh and inappropriate words spoken by Duḥśāsana. (not to be spoken, improper to say)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avācya

avācya - not to be spoken, improper to be said, unutterable

gerundive

From a (neg. prefix) + vac (to speak) + ṇyat (gerundive suffix)

Prefix: a

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies `vākyam`.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - The specific inappropriate statement made. (statement, speech, word)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, statement, sentence, word

From vac (to speak) + ṇya (suffix)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Also nominative. Here, object of 'jānāsi' (implied).

एवम् (evam) - In the manner it was described (harshly and improperly). (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

यथोक्तम् (yathoktam) - As the harsh words were previously spoken. (as spoken, as said)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yathokta

yathokta - as said, as mentioned, as stated

past passive participle

From yathā + ukta (past passive participle of vac)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+ukta)

• yathā – as, like
  indeclinable
• ukta – spoken, said
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  From vac (to speak) + kta (past passive participle suffix)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies `vākyam`.

स्वयम् (svayam) - The speaker (Vidura) wants to go personally. (myself, by myself)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

तु (tu) - Introduces a contrast or emphasis. (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

अहम् (aham) - The speaker, Vidura. (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

Note: Refers to the first person speaker (Vidura).

प्रार्थये (prārthaye) - The speaker (Vidura) expresses his desire to go. (I request, I pray, I desire)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pra-arth

present middle

Present (laṭ), 1st person singular, ātmanepada. Root arth is 1st class.

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - To the place where the Pandavas are. (there, to that place)

(indeclinable)

Locative of tad (that).

Note: Adverb of place.

गन्तुम् (gantum) - To go to the Pandavas. (to go)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of gam

infinitive

From gam (to go) + tumun (infinitive suffix)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose.

समाधातुम् (samādhātum) - To resolve the problematic situation. (to settle, to conciliate, to rectify)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of sam-ā-dhā

infinitive

From sam-ā-dhā (to put together) + tumun (infinitive suffix)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Expresses purpose.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - This urgent and troubled matter. (matter, affair, task)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, affair, task

gerundive

From kṛ (to do) + ṇyat (gerundive suffix)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `samādhātum`.

एतत् (etat) - This particular ruined matter. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etat

etat - this, these

Note: Modifies `kāryam`.

विपन्नम् (vipannam) - The situation has become disastrous. (ruined, fallen into trouble, spoiled)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vipanna

vipanna - fallen, ruined, perished, failed

past passive participle

From vi-pad (to fall, perish) + kta (past passive participle suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Modifies `kāryam`.