महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-29, verse-38

कृष्णाजिनानि परिधित्समानान्दुःशासनः कटुकान्यभ्यभाषत् ।
एते सर्वे षण्ढतिला विनष्टाः क्षयं गता नरकं दीर्घकालम् ॥३८॥

38. kṛṣṇājināni paridhitsamānā;nduḥśāsanaḥ kaṭukānyabhyabhāṣat ,
ete sarve ṣaṇḍhatilā vinaṣṭāḥ; kṣayaṁ gatā narakaṁ dīrghakālam.

38. kṛṣṇājināni paridhitsamānān
duḥśāsanaḥ kaṭukāni abhyabhāṣat
ete sarve ṣaṇḍhatilā vinaṣṭāḥ
kṣayam gatā narakam dīrghakālam

38. Duḥśāsana, addressing those who were about to put on black deerskins, spoke harsh words: "All of these individuals are useless like barren sesame seeds, utterly ruined, consigned to perdition, and will remain in hell for a very long time."

Words meanings summery:

• कृष्णाजिनानि (kṛṣṇājināni) - black deerskins

• परिधित्समानान् (paridhitsamānān) - Referring to the Pandavas, who were about to put on deerskins as a sign of exile. (those wishing to wear/put on)

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana

• कटुकानि (kaṭukāni) - Referring to the words spoken by Duḥśāsana. (harsh, bitter, cruel (words))

• अभ्यभाषत् (abhyabhāṣat) - spoke towards, addressed

• एते (ete) - Referring to the Pandavas. (these)

• सर्वे (sarve) - All of the Pandavas. (all, everyone)

• षण्ढतिला (ṣaṇḍhatilā) - Metaphorically describing the Pandavas as useless and impotent. (barren sesame seeds, useless persons)

• विनष्टाः (vinaṣṭāḥ) - Completely ruined. (destroyed, ruined, lost)

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - To destruction. (ruin, destruction, end)

• गता (gatā) - Having gone to (ruin). (gone, attained)

• नरकम् (narakam) - To hell. (hell, infernal region)

• दीर्घकालम् (dīrghakālam) - for a long time, for a long period

Words meanings and morphology

कृष्णाजिनानि (kṛṣṇājināni) - black deerskins

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of kṛṣṇājina

kṛṣṇājina - black deerskin

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kṛṣṇa+ajina)

• kṛṣṇa – black, dark
  adjective (masculine)
• ajina – deerskin, antelope skin
  noun (neuter)

Note: Also nominative plural. Context indicates accusative as the object of 'paridhitsamānān'.

परिधित्समानान् (paridhitsamānān) - Referring to the Pandavas, who were about to put on deerskins as a sign of exile. (those wishing to wear/put on)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of paridhitsamāna

paridhitsamāna - wishing to wear, intending to put on

desiderative present participle

From pari-dhā (to put on) + san (desiderative suffix) + śānac (present participle suffix)

Prefix: pari

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies an implied group of people (Pandavas).

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (proper name)

कटुकानि (kaṭukāni) - Referring to the words spoken by Duḥśāsana. (harsh, bitter, cruel (words))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of kaṭuka

kaṭuka - harsh, bitter, pungent, cruel

Note: Modifies implied 'words' (vacanāni). Also nominative plural. Context indicates accusative as object of 'abhyabhāṣat'.

अभ्यभाषत् (abhyabhāṣat) - spoke towards, addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-bhāṣ

imperfect active

Imperfect (laṅ), 3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Root bhāṣ is 1st class ātm.p., but with abhi often becomes parasmaipada.

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

एते (ete) - Referring to the Pandavas. (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etat

etat - this, these

सर्वे (sarve) - All of the Pandavas. (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Can also be adjective. Here it acts as a substantive pronoun in agreement with `ete`.

षण्ढतिला (ṣaṇḍhatilā) - Metaphorically describing the Pandavas as useless and impotent. (barren sesame seeds, useless persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṣaṇḍhatila

ṣaṇḍhatila - barren sesame seed, impotent, useless person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ṣaṇḍha+tila)

• ṣaṇḍha – eunuch, impotent, barren
  adjective (masculine)
• tila – sesame, sesame seed
  noun (masculine)

Note: The Devanagari shows `ṣaṇḍhatilā` (long `ā` ending). Given `ete sarve` (masculine plural), `ṣaṇḍhatilā` is interpreted as masculine nominative plural, possibly without explicit visarga due to sandhi context or as a variant form.

विनष्टाः (vinaṣṭāḥ) - Completely ruined. (destroyed, ruined, lost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinaṣṭa

vinaṣṭa - destroyed, lost, ruined, perished

past passive participle

From vi-naś (to perish) + kta (past passive participle suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `ete sarve`.

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - To destruction. (ruin, destruction, end)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, ruin, loss, decay, end

Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Used with `gatā` meaning 'gone to'.

गता (gatā) - Having gone to (ruin). (gone, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, attained, reached, become

past passive participle

From gam (to go) + kta (past passive participle suffix)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The form `gatā` for masculine nominative plural `gatāḥ` is sometimes seen with visarga elision, or it could be a typo in the original Devanagari. Following input devanagari.

नरकम् (narakam) - To hell. (hell, infernal region)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, underworld, infernal region

Note: Used with `gatā` meaning 'gone to'.

दीर्घकालम् (dīrghakālam) - for a long time, for a long period

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīrghakāla

dīrghakāla - long time, extended period

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dīrgha+kāla)

• dīrgha – long, extended
  adjective (masculine)
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially.