महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-29, verse-23

वैश्योऽधीत्य कृषिगोरक्षपण्यैर्वित्तं चिन्वन्पालयन्नप्रमत्तः ।
प्रियं कुर्वन्ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियाणां धर्मशीलः पुण्यकृदावसेद्गृहान् ॥२३॥

23. vaiśyo'dhītya kṛṣigorakṣapaṇyai;rvittaṁ cinvanpālayannapramattaḥ ,
priyaṁ kurvanbrāhmaṇakṣatriyāṇāṁ; dharmaśīlaḥ puṇyakṛdāvasedgṛhān.

23. vaiśyaḥ adhītya kṛṣigorakṣapaṇyaiḥ
vittam cinvan pālayant apramattaḥ
priyam kurvan brāhmaṇakṣatriyāṇām
dharmaśīlaḥ puṇyakṛt āvased gṛhān

23. A vaishya, having studied, accumulating and diligently protecting wealth through agriculture, cow protection, and trade, and performing what is beneficial for brahmins and kshatriyas, being of virtuous conduct (dharmaśīla) and a doer of meritorious deeds, should reside in his home.

Words meanings summery:

• वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a member of the vaishya caste (merchant, farmer)

• अधीत्य (adhītya) - having studied, having read

• कृषिगोरक्षपण्यैः (kṛṣigorakṣapaṇyaiḥ) - by agriculture, cow protection, and trade

• वित्तम् (vittam) - wealth, property, possessions

• चिन्वन् (cinvan) - accumulating, gathering, collecting

• पालयन्त् (pālayant) - protecting, maintaining, guarding

• अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - diligent, vigilant, not careless, attentive

• प्रियम् (priyam) - what is pleasing, agreeable, beneficial

• कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing, making

• ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियाणाम् (brāhmaṇakṣatriyāṇām) - of brahmins and kshatriyas

• धर्मशीलः (dharmaśīlaḥ) - of virtuous conduct (dharmaśīla) (of virtuous conduct, abiding by (dharma), righteous)

• पुण्यकृत् (puṇyakṛt) - a doer of meritorious deeds, a virtuous person

• आवसेद् (āvased) - should dwell, should reside

• गृहान् (gṛhān) - to his home, in houses

Words meanings and morphology

वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a member of the vaishya caste (merchant, farmer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a member of the vaishya caste (merchant, farmer, cattle-rearer)

अधीत्य (adhītya) - having studied, having read

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root i (to go) with prefix adhi and suffix -ya

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

कृषिगोरक्षपण्यैः (kṛṣigorakṣapaṇyaiḥ) - by agriculture, cow protection, and trade

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṛṣigorakṣapaṇya

kṛṣigorakṣapaṇya - agriculture, cow protection, and trade

Compound type : dvandva-samāsa (kṛṣi+gorakṣa+paṇya)

• kṛṣi – agriculture, cultivation
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
• gorakṣa – cow protection
  noun (masculine)
  From go (cow) + rakṣa (protection)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• paṇya – trade, merchandise, goods
  noun (neuter)
  From root paṇ (to barter, praise)
  Root: paṇ (class 1)

वित्तम् (vittam) - wealth, property, possessions

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vitta

vitta - wealth, property, possessions

Past Passive Participle (of vid 'to find')

From root vid (to find), can also mean 'found', 'acquired'. Here used as a noun 'wealth'.

Root: vid (class 6)

चिन्वन् (cinvan) - accumulating, gathering, collecting

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cinvat

cinvat - accumulating, gathering, collecting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root ci (to gather, collect) in the present tense

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Agrees with vaiśyaḥ.

पालयन्त् (pālayant) - protecting, maintaining, guarding

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pālayant

pālayant - protecting, maintaining, guarding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pāl (to protect) in the present tense

Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Agrees with vaiśyaḥ.

अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - diligent, vigilant, not careless, attentive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apramatta

apramatta - diligent, vigilant, not careless, attentive

Negation of pramatta (careless) which is a past passive participle of pra-mad

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

प्रियम् (priyam) - what is pleasing, agreeable, beneficial

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, beneficial

Here used as a noun meaning 'what is pleasing/beneficial'

Root: prī (class 9)

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing, making

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurvat

kurvat - doing, performing, making

Present Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) in the present tense

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with vaiśyaḥ.

ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियाणाम् (brāhmaṇakṣatriyāṇām) - of brahmins and kshatriyas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇakṣatriya

brāhmaṇakṣatriya - brahmins and kshatriyas

Compound type : itaretara-dvandva (brāhmaṇa+kṣatriya)

• brāhmaṇa – brahmin, priestly class
  noun (masculine)
• kṣatriya – kshatriya, warrior/ruling class
  noun (masculine)

धर्मशीलः (dharmaśīlaḥ) - of virtuous conduct (dharmaśīla) (of virtuous conduct, abiding by (dharma), righteous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaśīla

dharmaśīla - of virtuous conduct, righteous, devoted to natural law (dharma)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+śīla)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• śīla – conduct, habit, nature
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śīl (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vaiśyaḥ.

पुण्यकृत् (puṇyakṛt) - a doer of meritorious deeds, a virtuous person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇyakṛt

puṇyakṛt - a doer of meritorious deeds, a virtuous person

Agent noun from puṇya + kṛ

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (puṇya+kṛ)

• puṇya – merit, virtue, righteous, auspicious
  noun (neuter)
• kṛ – doer, maker
  agent noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

आवसेद् (āvased) - should dwell, should reside

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of āvas

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice

Optative form of root vas (to dwell) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: vas (class 1)

गृहान् (gṛhān) - to his home, in houses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gṛha

gṛha - house, home