महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-29, verse-12

हित्वा सुखं मनसश्च प्रियाणि तेन शक्रः कर्मणा श्रैष्ठ्यमाप ।
सत्यं धर्मं पालयन्नप्रमत्तो दमं तितिक्षां समतां प्रियं च ।
एतानि सर्वाण्युपसेवमानो देवराज्यं मघवान्प्राप मुख्यम् ॥१२॥

12. hitvā sukhaṁ manasaśca priyāṇi; tena śakraḥ karmaṇā śraiṣṭhyamāpa ,
satyaṁ dharmaṁ pālayannapramatto; damaṁ titikṣāṁ samatāṁ priyaṁ ca ,
etāni sarvāṇyupasevamāno; devarājyaṁ maghavānprāpa mukhyam.

12. hitvā sukham manasaḥ ca priyāṇi tena śakraḥ karmaṇā
śraiṣṭhyam āpa satyam dharmam pālayan apramattaḥ
damam titikṣām samatām priyam ca etāni sarvāṇi
upasevamānaḥ devarājyam maghavān prāpa mukhyam

12. Having given up happiness and the mind's dear delights, through that action (karma) Shakra (Indra) attained preeminence. By vigilantly upholding truth, natural law (dharma), self-control, forbearance, equanimity, and kindness—by diligently practicing all these, Maghavan (Indra) achieved the supreme sovereignty of the gods.

Words meanings summery:

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, comfort

• मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind, from the mind

• च (ca) - and

• प्रियाणि (priyāṇi) - dear things, pleasant things, beloved things

• तेन (tena) - by that action/means (by that, by him, by it)

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra, the powerful one

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed, through work (karma)

• श्रैष्ठ्यम् (śraiṣṭhyam) - superiority, preeminence, excellence

• आप (āpa) - attained, obtained, reached

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue (dharma)

• पालयन् (pālayan) - maintaining, protecting, guarding

• अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - vigilant, attentive, unremitting, careful

• दमम् (damam) - self-control, restraint

• तितिक्षाम् (titikṣām) - forbearance, endurance, patience

• समताम् (samatām) - equanimity, impartiality, equality

• प्रियम् (priyam) - kindness, affection, love; dear, beloved

• च (ca) - and

• एतानि (etāni) - these

• सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all, whole, every

• उपसेवमानः (upasevamānaḥ) - practicing, observing, serving, resorting to

• देवराज्यम् (devarājyam) - sovereignty of the gods, divine kingdom

• मघवान् (maghavān) - Indra, the opulent one

• प्राप (prāpa) - attained, obtained, reached

• मुख्यम् (mukhyam) - chief, principal, supreme, excellent

Words meanings and morphology

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: hā (class 3)

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, comfort

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease, comfort

मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind, from the mind

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, heart

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

प्रियाणि (priyāṇi) - dear things, pleasant things, beloved things

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable; a dear one, favorite thing

तेन (tena) - by that action/means (by that, by him, by it)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he, she, it

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra, the powerful one

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - powerful, strong; epithet of Indra

From root √śak (to be able, strong)

Root: śak (class 5)

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed, through work (karma)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

From root √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

श्रैष्ठ्यम् (śraiṣṭhyam) - superiority, preeminence, excellence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śraiṣṭhya

śraiṣṭhya - superiority, preeminence, excellence, bestness

Derived from śreṣṭha (best) with suffix -ya

आप (āpa) - attained, obtained, reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of āp

Root: āp (class 5)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, veracity; true, real

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue (dharma)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature (dharma)

From root √dhṛ (to hold, support, maintain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

पालयन् (pālayan) - maintaining, protecting, guarding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pālayat

pālayat - maintaining, protecting, guarding, ruling

Present Active Participle (Causative)

From causative of root √pā (to protect)

Root: pā (class 2)

अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - vigilant, attentive, unremitting, careful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apramatta

apramatta - vigilant, attentive, not careless, unremitting

Past Passive Participle (negated)

Negation of pramatta (careless, inattentive), from root √mad with prefix pra-

Prefix: a

Root: mad (class 4)

दमम् (damam) - self-control, restraint

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subjugation

From root √dam (to tame, control)

Root: dam (class 4)

तितिक्षाम् (titikṣām) - forbearance, endurance, patience

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of titikṣā

titikṣā - forbearance, endurance, patience, power of enduring

From desiderative of root √tij (to be sharp), or √tij/√sah with reduplication

समताम् (samatām) - equanimity, impartiality, equality

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samatā

samatā - equality, equanimity, impartiality, sameness

Derived from sama (equal) with suffix -tā

प्रियम् (priyam) - kindness, affection, love; dear, beloved

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable; a dear one, favorite thing, kindness

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एतानि (etāni) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these

सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all, whole, every

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every, entire

उपसेवमानः (upasevamānaḥ) - practicing, observing, serving, resorting to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upasevamāna

upasevamāna - practicing, observing, serving, resorting to, attending upon

Present Middle Participle

From root √sev (to serve) with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: sev (class 1)

देवराज्यम् (devarājyam) - sovereignty of the gods, divine kingdom

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of devarājya

devarājya - sovereignty of the gods, divine kingdom

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+rājya)

• deva – god, deity, celestial being
  noun (masculine)
• rājya – kingdom, realm, sovereignty, rule
  noun (neuter)

मघवान् (maghavān) - Indra, the opulent one

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maghavan

maghavan - opulent, liberal, bountiful; epithet of Indra

प्राप (prāpa) - attained, obtained, reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prāp

From root √āp (to obtain) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

मुख्यम् (mukhyam) - chief, principal, supreme, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mukhya

mukhya - chief, principal, foremost, primary, excellent