महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-29, verse-15

जानन्निमं सर्वलोकस्य धर्मं ब्राह्मणानां क्षत्रियाणां विशां च ।
स कस्मात्त्वं जानतां ज्ञानवान्सन्व्यायच्छसे संजय कौरवार्थे ॥१५॥

15. jānannimaṁ sarvalokasya dharmaṁ; brāhmaṇānāṁ kṣatriyāṇāṁ viśāṁ ca ,
sa kasmāttvaṁ jānatāṁ jñānavānsa;nvyāyacchase saṁjaya kauravārthe.

15. jānan imam sarvalokasya dharmam
brāhmaṇānām kṣatriyāṇām viśām ca
saḥ kasmāt tvam jānatām jñānavān
san vyāyacchase saṃjaya kauravārthe

15. Knowing this constitution (dharma) of all people—of Brahmins, Kṣatriyas, and Vaiśyas—why then, Sanjaya, being knowledgeable among the knowing, do you exert yourself for the sake of the Kauravas?

Words meanings summery:

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing, perceiving

• इमम् (imam) - this

• सर्वलोकस्य (sarvalokasya) - of all people, of all the world

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law or constitution governing all society (constitution, natural law, duty, righteousness)

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

• क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of Kṣatriyas

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the Vaiśyas (the merchant/farmer class) (of Vaiśyas, of people)

• च (ca) - and

• सः (saḥ) - therefore, then (he, that, therefore)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• जानताम् (jānatām) - of those who know, among the knowing

• ज्ञानवान् (jñānavān) - knowledgeable, wise

• सन् (san) - being

• व्यायच्छसे (vyāyacchase) - you exert yourself, you strive

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

• कौरवार्थे (kauravārthe) - for the sake of the Kauravas

Words meanings and morphology

जानन् (jānan) - knowing, perceiving

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, conscious

present active participle

derived from root 'jñā' (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

सर्वलोकस्य (sarvalokasya) - of all people, of all the world

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sarvaloka

sarvaloka - the whole world, all people

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+loka)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• loka – world, people, universe
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lok (class 1)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law or constitution governing all society (constitution, natural law, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, moral law, virtue, religious merit, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature (dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of Kṣatriyas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a Kṣatriya, one belonging to the warrior/ruling class

विशाम् (viśām) - of the Vaiśyas (the merchant/farmer class) (of Vaiśyas, of people)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - a people, community, clan; the Vaiśya caste

Root: viś (class 6)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - therefore, then (he, that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(interrogative pronoun)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

जानताम् (jānatām) - of those who know, among the knowing

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jānat

jānat - knowing, conscious

present active participle

derived from root 'jñā' (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

ज्ञानवान् (jñānavān) - knowledgeable, wise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñānavat

jñānavat - possessing knowledge, wise, learned

possessive suffix '-vat'

सन् (san) - being

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, real, good, virtuous

present active participle

derived from root 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

व्यायच्छसे (vyāyacchase) - you exert yourself, you strive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vyāyacch

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: yat (class 1)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper noun, name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)

कौरवार्थे (kauravārthe) - for the sake of the Kauravas

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kauravārtha

kauravārtha - the purpose or cause of the Kauravas

Compound type : tatpurusha (kaurava+artha)

• kaurava – a descendant of Kuru, especially Dhritarashtra's sons (Kauravas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, sake
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛdh (class 5)