महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-29, verse-34

कार्पण्यादेव सहितास्तत्र राज्ञो नाशक्नुवन्प्रतिवक्तुं सभायाम् ।
एकः क्षत्ता धर्म्यमर्थं ब्रुवाणो धर्मं बुद्ध्वा प्रत्युवाचाल्पबुद्धिम् ॥३४॥

34. kārpaṇyādeva sahitāstatra rājño; nāśaknuvanprativaktuṁ sabhāyām ,
ekaḥ kṣattā dharmyamarthaṁ bruvāṇo; dharmaṁ buddhvā pratyuvācālpabuddhim.

34. kārpaṇyāt eva sahitāḥ tatra rājñaḥ na
aśaknuvan prativaktuṃ sabhāyām ekaḥ
kṣattā dharmyam artham bruvāṇaḥ
dharmam buddhvā pratyuvāca alpabuddhim

34. The kings gathered there, paralyzed by their lack of resolve, were unable to reply in the assembly. Only the attendant (Kṣattā), speaking a matter consistent with the natural law (dharma), and having understood the intrinsic nature (dharma) of the situation, replied to the one of meager intellect.

Words meanings summery:

• कार्पण्यात् (kārpaṇyāt) - due to miserliness, due to feebleness of spirit, due to wretchedness

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, very

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - assembled, united, endowed with

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the kings, of the king

• न (na) - not, no

• अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - they were able

• प्रतिवक्तुं (prativaktuṁ) - to reply, to speak back

• सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly, in the hall

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single

• क्षत्ता (kṣattā) - Vidura, half-brother to Dhritarashtra and Pandu (charioteer, attendant)

• धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - righteous, lawful, consistent with natural law (dharma)

• अर्थम् (artham) - matter, purpose, meaning, object

• ब्रुवाणः (bruvāṇaḥ) - speaking, saying

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma), intrinsic nature (dharma), duty, righteousness

• बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having understood, having known, having perceived

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied, he spoke back

• अल्पबुद्धिम् (alpabuddhim) - To Duryodhana (to the one of meager intellect, to the foolish one)

Words meanings and morphology

कार्पण्यात् (kārpaṇyāt) - due to miserliness, due to feebleness of spirit, due to wretchedness

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kārpaṇya

kārpaṇya - miserliness, feebleness of spirit, wretchedness, poverty

Derived from kṛpaṇa (miserable, wretched) with suffix ṣyañ

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, very

(indeclinable)

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - assembled, united, endowed with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - united, accompanied, endowed with, assembled

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sa (with) and root dhā (to place), irregular formation of past passive participle

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the kings, of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - they were able

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of śak

Root: śak (class 5)

प्रतिवक्तुं (prativaktuṁ) - to reply, to speak back

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the verb prati-√vac

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly, in the hall

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, court, hall

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, a single, unique, alone

क्षत्ता (kṣattā) - Vidura, half-brother to Dhritarashtra and Pandu (charioteer, attendant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣattṛ

kṣattṛ - charioteer, doorkeeper, attendant, an officer

धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - righteous, lawful, consistent with natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmya

dharmya - righteous, lawful, customary, consistent with dharma

Derived from dharma with suffix yat

अर्थम् (artham) - matter, purpose, meaning, object

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth, matter

ब्रुवाणः (bruvāṇaḥ) - speaking, saying

(verbal derivative)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma), intrinsic nature (dharma), duty, righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having understood, having known, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root budh

Root: budh (class 1)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied, he spoke back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prativac

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

अल्पबुद्धिम् (alpabuddhim) - To Duryodhana (to the one of meager intellect, to the foolish one)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of alpabuddhi

alpabuddhi - meager intellect, foolishness, one with little understanding

Compound type : karmadhāraya (alpa+buddhi)

• alpa – small, little, meager
  adjective (masculine)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, perception
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)