महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-29, verse-48

निर्वनो वध्यते व्याघ्रो निर्व्याघ्रं छिद्यते वनम् ।
तस्माद्व्याघ्रो वनं रक्षेद्वनं व्याघ्रं च पालयेत् ॥४८॥

48. nirvano vadhyate vyāghro nirvyāghraṁ chidyate vanam ,
tasmādvyāghro vanaṁ rakṣedvanaṁ vyāghraṁ ca pālayet.

48. nirvanaḥ vadhyate vyāghraḥ nirvyāghram chidyate vanam
tasmāt vyāghraḥ vanam rakṣet vanam vyāghram ca pālayet

48. A tiger, if left without a forest, is killed. A forest, if left without tigers, is cut down. Therefore, a tiger should protect the forest, and the forest should, in turn, protect the tiger.

Words meanings summery:

• निर्वनः (nirvanaḥ) - A tiger deprived of its natural habitat. (without a forest)

• वध्यते (vadhyate) - The fate of a tiger without its forest. (is killed, is slain, is harmed)

• व्याघ्रः (vyāghraḥ) - The tiger being discussed. (tiger)

• निर्व्याघ्रम् (nirvyāghram) - A forest devoid of tigers. (without tigers)

• छिद्यते (chidyate) - The forest is cut down or destroyed. (is cut, is destroyed, is severed)

• वनम् (vanam) - The forest that is cut down. (forest, wood, grove)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Introducing the conclusion or consequence. (therefore, from that)

• व्याघ्रः (vyāghraḥ) - The tiger, as protector. (tiger)

• वनम् (vanam) - The forest that the tiger should protect. (forest, wood, grove)

• रक्षेत् (rakṣet) - The tiger should protect the forest. (should protect, should guard)

• वनम् (vanam) - The forest that should protect the tiger. (forest, wood, grove)

• व्याघ्रम् (vyāghram) - The tiger that the forest should protect. (tiger)

• च (ca) - Connecting the two clauses. (and)

• पालयेत् (pālayet) - The forest should protect the tiger. (should protect, should guard)

Words meanings and morphology

निर्वनः (nirvanaḥ) - A tiger deprived of its natural habitat. (without a forest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirvana

nirvana - Without a forest, deforested.

Derived from nis- (without) + vana (forest).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+vana)

• nis – without, out of, away from
  prefix
  Prepositional prefix indicating negation or absence.
• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
  Root: van (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vyāghraḥ'.

वध्यते (vadhyate) - The fate of a tiger without its forest. (is killed, is slain, is harmed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vadh

Present Passive

Present tense, passive voice, 3rd person singular of root vadh.

Root: vadh (class 1)

व्याघ्रः (vyāghraḥ) - The tiger being discussed. (tiger)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāghra

vyāghra - Tiger.

Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vadhyate'.

निर्व्याघ्रम् (nirvyāghram) - A forest devoid of tigers. (without tigers)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirvyāghra

nirvyāghra - Without tigers, tiger-less.

Derived from nis- (without) + vyāghra (tiger).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+vyāghra)

• nis – without, out of, away from
  prefix
  Prepositional prefix indicating negation or absence.
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vanam'.

छिद्यते (chidyate) - The forest is cut down or destroyed. (is cut, is destroyed, is severed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of chid

Present Passive

Present tense, passive voice, 3rd person singular of root chid (7th class).

Root: chid (class 7)

वनम् (vanam) - The forest that is cut down. (forest, wood, grove)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - Forest, wood, grove, thicket.

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'chidyate'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Introducing the conclusion or consequence. (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverbial particle, 'therefore'.

व्याघ्रः (vyāghraḥ) - The tiger, as protector. (tiger)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāghra

vyāghra - Tiger.

Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'rakṣet'.

वनम् (vanam) - The forest that the tiger should protect. (forest, wood, grove)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - Forest, wood, grove, thicket.

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Object of 'rakṣet'.

रक्षेत् (rakṣet) - The tiger should protect the forest. (should protect, should guard)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of rakṣ

Optative

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice of root rakṣ (1st class).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

वनम् (vanam) - The forest that should protect the tiger. (forest, wood, grove)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - Forest, wood, grove, thicket.

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'pālayet'.

व्याघ्रम् (vyāghram) - The tiger that the forest should protect. (tiger)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyāghra

vyāghra - Tiger.

Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'pālayet'.

च (ca) - Connecting the two clauses. (and)

(indeclinable)

पालयेत् (pālayet) - The forest should protect the tiger. (should protect, should guard)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of pāl

Optative

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice of root pāl (10th class, or denominative from pāla).

Root: pāl (class 10)