महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-176, verse-20

ततः पूर्वव्यतीतानि कथयेते स्म तावुभौ ।
सृञ्जयश्च स राजर्षिर्जामदग्न्यश्च भारत ॥२०॥

20. tataḥ pūrvavyatītāni kathayete sma tāvubhau ,
sṛñjayaśca sa rājarṣirjāmadagnyaśca bhārata.

20. tataḥ pūrvavyatītāni kathayete sma tau ubhau
sṛñjayaḥ ca saḥ rājarṣiḥ jāmadagnyaḥ ca bhārata

20. bhārata tataḥ te ubhau saḥ rājarṣiḥ sṛñjayaḥ
ca jāmadagnyaḥ ca pūrvavyatītāni kathayete sma

20. O Bhārata, then those two — King Sṛñjaya, the royal sage (rājarṣi), and Jāmadagnya (Paraśurāma) — recounted past events.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• पूर्वव्यतीतानि (pūrvavyatītāni) - past events, former things

• कथयेते (kathayete) - they two told, narrated

• स्म (sma) - (particle converting present to past)

• तौ (tau) - Refers to Sṛñjaya and Jāmadagnya. (those two (masculine))

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (masculine)

• सृञ्जयः (sṛñjayaḥ) - Sṛñjaya (name)

• च (ca) - and

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Sṛñjaya. (that (masculine))

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, king and sage

• जामदग्न्यः (jāmadagnyaḥ) - Refers to Paraśurāma. (Jāmadagnya (son of Jamadagni))

• च (ca) - and

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Janamejaya or a listener in the lineage of Bharata. (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

पूर्वव्यतीतानि (pūrvavyatītāni) - past events, former things

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pūrvavyatīta

pūrvavyatīta - past, bygone, former

Past Passive Participle

Compound of pūrva (former) and vyatīta (past, gone by), which is a P.P.P. of vyati-i.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+vyatīta)

• pūrva – former, prior, old
  adjective (neuter)
• vyatīta – past, gone by
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i (to go) with upasarga vi-ati
  Prefixes: vi+ati
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

कथयेते (kathayete) - they two told, narrated

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of kath

Imperfect

From root kath (10th class or denominative from kathā) imperfect 3rd dual ātmanepada

Root: kath (class 10)

स्म (sma) - (particle converting present to past)

(indeclinable)

तौ (tau) - Refers to Sṛñjaya and Jāmadagnya. (those two (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उभौ (ubhau) - both (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Reinforces "tau".

सृञ्जयः (sṛñjayaḥ) - Sṛñjaya (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - Sṛñjaya (proper noun)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Sṛñjaya and Jāmadagnya.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Sṛñjaya. (that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, king and sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, a king who is also a sage

Compound of rājan (king) and ṛṣi (sage)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Sṛñjaya.

जामदग्न्यः (jāmadagnyaḥ) - Refers to Paraśurāma. (Jāmadagnya (son of Jamadagni))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāmadagnya

jāmadagnya - descendant of Jamadagni, an epithet for Paraśurāma

Patronymic from Jamadagni

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Janamejaya or a listener in the lineage of Bharata. (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to India

Patronymic from Bharata