महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-4, verse-7

हन्तेमां राजवसतिं राजपुत्रा ब्रवीमि वः ।
यथा राजकुलं प्राप्य चरन्प्रेष्यो न रिष्यति ॥७॥

7. hantemāṁ rājavasatiṁ rājaputrā bravīmi vaḥ ,
yathā rājakulaṁ prāpya caranpreṣyo na riṣyati.

7. hanta imām rājavsatim rājaputrāḥ bravīmi vaḥ
yathā rājakulam prāpya caran preṣyaḥ na riṣyati

7. Alas, O princes, I am telling you about this royal residence: how a servant, having entered the royal household, can conduct himself without suffering harm.

Words meanings summery:

• हन्त (hanta) - exclamation of regret or sympathetic concern (alas, ah, indeed)

• इमाम् (imām) - this

• राजव्सतिम् (rājavsatim) - royal residence

• राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - O princes, sons of kings

• ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I tell, I speak

• वः (vaḥ) - to you all, of you all

• यथा (yathā) - how, just as

• राजकुलम् (rājakulam) - royal household, royal family

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having entered

• चरन् (caran) - moving about, conducting oneself, a wanderer

• प्रेष्यः (preṣyaḥ) - servant, messenger, one to be sent

• न (na) - not

• रिष्यति (riṣyati) - he suffers harm, he perishes

Words meanings and morphology

हन्त (hanta) - exclamation of regret or sympathetic concern (alas, ah, indeed)

(indeclinable)

इमाम् (imām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

राजव्सतिम् (rājavsatim) - royal residence

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rājavsati

rājavsati - royal residence, king's dwelling

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+vasati)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• vasati – dwelling, residence, abode
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vas (class 1)

राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - O princes, sons of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of rājaputra

rājaputra - prince, son of a king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I tell, I speak

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Present Tense

1st person singular, present, active voice

Root: brū (class 2)

वः (vaḥ) - to you all, of you all

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Note: Can also be genitive or accusative.

यथा (yathā) - how, just as

(indeclinable)

राजकुलम् (rājakulam) - royal household, royal family

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājakula

rājakula - royal family, king's household

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+kula)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• kula – family, lineage, household
  noun (neuter)

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having entered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root āp (to obtain) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

चरन् (caran) - moving about, conducting oneself, a wanderer

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of carant

carant - moving, going, practicing, performing, wandering

Present Active Participle

Derived from root car (to move, to go)

Root: car (class 1)

प्रेष्यः (preṣyaḥ) - servant, messenger, one to be sent

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of preṣya

preṣya - to be sent, to be ordered; a messenger, a servant

Gerundive/Nomen Agentis

Derived from root iṣ (to send) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: iṣ (class 4)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

रिष्यति (riṣyati) - he suffers harm, he perishes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of riṣ

Present Tense

3rd person singular, present, active voice

Root: riṣ (class 4)