महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-4, verse-12

न चानुशिष्येद्राजानमपृच्छन्तं कदाचन ।
तूष्णीं त्वेनमुपासीत काले समभिपूजयन् ॥१२॥

12. na cānuśiṣyedrājānamapṛcchantaṁ kadācana ,
tūṣṇīṁ tvenamupāsīta kāle samabhipūjayan.

12. na ca anuśiṣyet rājānam apṛcchantam kadācana
tūṣṇīm tu enam upāsīta kāle samabhipūjayan

12. One should never instruct a king who has not asked for advice. Instead, one should attend upon him silently, showing him reverence at appropriate times.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनुशिष्येत् (anuśiṣyet) - one should instruct, advise

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

• अपृच्छन्तम् (apṛcchantam) - one who is not asking, not inquiring

• कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• एनम् (enam) - the king (him)

• उपासीत (upāsīta) - one should attend upon, serve, revere

• काले (kāle) - at the time, at the right moment

• समभिपूजयन् (samabhipūjayan) - thoroughly honoring, showing reverence

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अनुशिष्येत् (anuśiṣyet) - one should instruct, advise

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of anuśiṣ

Prefix: anu

Root: śiṣ (class 2)

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

अपृच्छन्तम् (apṛcchantam) - one who is not asking, not inquiring

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apṛcchant

apṛcchant - not asking, not inquiring

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pṛcch (praś) with negative prefix 'a-' and present active participle suffix.

Prefix: a

Root: praś (class 6)

कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time

(indeclinable)

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - the king (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it

उपासीत (upāsīta) - one should attend upon, serve, revere

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of upās

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

काले (kāle) - at the time, at the right moment

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, proper time, season

समभिपूजयन् (samabhipūjayan) - thoroughly honoring, showing reverence

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samabhipūjayat

samabhipūjayat - thoroughly honoring, showing reverence

Present Active Participle

Derived from the causative of root pūj with prefixes sam- and abhi-.

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: pūj (class 10)