महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-4, verse-18

समर्थनासु सर्वासु हितं च प्रियमेव च ।
संवर्णयेत्तदेवास्य प्रियादपि हितं वदेत् ॥१८॥

18. samarthanāsu sarvāsu hitaṁ ca priyameva ca ,
saṁvarṇayettadevāsya priyādapi hitaṁ vadet.

18. samarthanāsu sarvāsu hitam ca priyam eva ca
saṃvarṇayet tat eva asya priyāt api hitam vadet

18. In all her explanations and justifications, she should declare what is beneficial and pleasing. Indeed, she should speak to him what is beneficial, even more than what is pleasing.

Words meanings summery:

• समर्थनासु (samarthanāsu) - in justifications, in explanations, in approvals

• सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, salutary, good (thing)

• च (ca) - and, moreover

• प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasing, agreeable, dear (thing)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very (emphasizing particle)

• च (ca) - and, moreover

• संवर्णयेत् (saṁvarṇayet) - should describe, should explain, should praise

• तत् (tat) - that, that very thing

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very (emphasizing particle)

• अस्य (asya) - of him, to him

• प्रियात् (priyāt) - than the pleasing (thing), from the dear (thing)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, salutary, good (thing)

• वदेत् (vadet) - should speak, should say

Words meanings and morphology

समर्थनासु (samarthanāsu) - in justifications, in explanations, in approvals

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of samarthanā

samarthanā - justification, explanation, approval, support, defence

From root `arth` (to strive) with `sam`.

Prefix: sam

Root: arth (class 10)

सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Adjectival pronoun modifying `samarthanāsu`.

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, salutary, good (thing)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, suitable, good, salutary, placed, put

Past Passive Participle

From root `dhā` (to place) in passive, or `hi` (to send). Contextually, often used as "beneficial".

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of `saṃvarṇayet`.

च (ca) - and, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasing, agreeable, dear (thing)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable, desired

From root `prī` (to please).

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Object of `saṃvarṇayet`.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very (emphasizing particle)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

संवर्णयेत् (saṁvarṇayet) - should describe, should explain, should praise

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of saṃvarṇay

Optative mood, Denominative, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular

From root `varṇ` (to describe, color) with upasarga `sam`.

Prefix: sam

Root: varṇ (class 10)

Note: Refers to the implied female subject.

तत् (tat) - that, that very thing

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers back to `yat`.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very (emphasizing particle)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of him, to him

(pronoun)

masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that, he, she, it

Genitive/dative singular masculine of `idam`.

Note: "to him".

प्रियात् (priyāt) - than the pleasing (thing), from the dear (thing)

(adjective)

Ablative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable, desired

From root `prī` (to please).

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: "than what is pleasing".

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, salutary, good (thing)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, suitable, good, salutary, placed, put

Past Passive Participle

From root `dhā` (to place) in passive, or `hi` (to send). Contextually, often used as "beneficial".

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of `vadet`.

वदेत् (vadet) - should speak, should say

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vad

Optative mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular

From root `vad` (to speak).

Root: vad (class 1)