महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-4, verse-31

लाभे न हर्षयेद्यस्तु न व्यथेद्योऽवमानितः ।
असंमूढश्च यो नित्यं स राजवसतिं वसेत् ॥३१॥

31. lābhe na harṣayedyastu na vyathedyo'vamānitaḥ ,
asaṁmūḍhaśca yo nityaṁ sa rājavasatiṁ vaset.

31. lābhe na harṣayet yaḥ tu na vyathet yaḥ avamānitaḥ
asaṃmūḍhaḥ ca yaḥ nityam saḥ rājavastim vaset

31. One who does not rejoice in gain, is not distressed when insulted, and is always undeluded—that person is fit to dwell in the king's court.

Words meanings summery:

• लाभे (lābhe) - in gain, in profit

• न (na) - not, no

• हर्षयेत् (harṣayet) - Used intransitively here as 'rejoice' (one should rejoice/make rejoice)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• न (na) - not, no

• व्यथेत् (vyathet) - one should be distressed/agitated

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अवमानितः (avamānitaḥ) - insulted, humiliated

• असंमूढः (asaṁmūḍhaḥ) - undeluded, unconfused

• च (ca) - and, also

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

• राजवस्तिम् (rājavastim) - king's court/palace (king's abode/dwelling)

• वसेत् (vaset) - one should dwell/reside

Words meanings and morphology

लाभे (lābhe) - in gain, in profit

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of lābha

lābha - gain, acquisition, profit

from root 'labh'

Root: labh (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हर्षयेत् (harṣayet) - Used intransitively here as 'rejoice' (one should rejoice/make rejoice)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of harṣaya

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice (causative)

Causative stem from root 'hṛṣ', + optative endings

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

व्यथेत् (vyathet) - one should be distressed/agitated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of vyath

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice

Root: vyath (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

अवमानितः (avamānitaḥ) - insulted, humiliated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avamānita

avamānita - insulted, disrespected, humiliated

Past Passive Participle

from root 'man' with prefix 'ava', causative stem + ta

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

असंमूढः (asaṁmūḍhaḥ) - undeluded, unconfused

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asaṃmūḍha

asaṁmūḍha - undeluded, unconfused, firm in mind

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+saṃmūḍha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• saṃmūḍha – deluded, confused, bewildered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'muh' with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: muh (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Accusative singular neuter of adjective used adverbially.

सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजवस्तिम् (rājavastim) - king's court/palace (king's abode/dwelling)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rājavasti

rājavasti - king's dwelling/court

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājan+vasati)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• vasati – dwelling, abode, residence
  noun (feminine)
  from root 'vas'
  Root: vas (class 1)

वसेत् (vaset) - one should dwell/reside

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of vas

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice

Root: vas (class 1)